7ef4379061
Q: How did I do that? A: That's a long story. Precondition: I used sage 8.1 for the math, it could probably done with simple python as well but I did not try. First I extract numbers from rsa8192.pem: openssl rsa -in rsa8192.pem -noout -text | sed "s/://g; s/ //g;" cut&paste the numbers into sage: modulus 00890d9fd57e81b5ed43283d0ea020 4a1229333d6fb9c37a179375b09c4f 7b5b1cf2eb025979b6d90b709928a0 6725e04caf2b0f7fe94afbdf9f3fa5 66f1ba75c2f6dc488039f410eb5fa8 ab152b8cfdb76791bb853059438edf ae56bc70a32a9f3e2d883e8b751d08 3797999dc81a9c4d6bdb3a75362fd1 d9c497cf5028dfcdd4cc3eb318e79f c0db45cbeed955da8a447f0872dee5 65bde4013340e767731441fae4fa54 51356bfbc84e1271b39f111f5f8ef3 a6c8973765b39addef80306194f4ea 89fdfc8e9744866323f6936de89b2f e2741578b8eb3c41676702fabc50ec c376e6b7b6e7f94e7d7b5c1bab3c9f 23bb0c8f04d8aca64c309fc063c406 553e1c1421cc45060df7f48c49f5c5 b459d572e273402d6a3ff008657fe9 1936714d1823c5cad53d80630b3216 9bf70feb2ebc1af6a35ee0bf059aed 49c4e367d567e130e2846859b271fd a8949b182e050819866b8e762ed29f fb3f7ca14cebfc2488662be4b3980f c8d31890a05f38ae9690cc7d9d3efc 4808e03da104a8c28bb480bb814995 a6e8b8978ab8350d90b3894e3abf7d c4ad0956335752c8d6944b38a1715e 7d9950f49e6cdba171fbe651a2ca26 65a7c70b6e8cf3a02c2f93dad8aa95 06481cdb032d04082a5a6c6a733b65 20fa80e2ef57b9cf858ca5ea11e084 bc31a386fc6b099f069786207f80d6 1f2bef294400d59394ad1006431366 a54ae09b0ecd3377dcd8af8fde9b94 fd559b0b7adc5113ba66fc4b3dc842 ee562cfcfd39b4ffc31576635873fc 59535b7aa98605772436c251834e23 4fb2347cc970a49818cac2a9ee95eb b55fa2da66edd53e11245c6732140a ae41491288cbf462eef8a807b46d0d affa38d9ccfe8033d2d4a3cf5c5b82 9df12183f7a05d3650153cd317a017 083ac641c2c3ad11305de0a032be45 c439bd7bbbe3cb97850f9d2c66f72a 4a66e9d434544fc6d294ca3c92627b e518bfa44e3017ac8ad9c0a26a227d 2e8677da0a4de8edb53ac9530adb63 83c72dbf562dc4d0fea4e492f09eb1 74548381a8686db3aeaaa3a9960cff 25e8c64701115da54fa7a1fb2c566a fcb4b2a63268d818c3391a62885d13 41b3492c4f0167291b3d026a44e68c 02f2d4d255d4c0906b92a2ced0c0bb f2bcdceaec1189895af4232dc386c9 75bf3477e5a70d3ab0ac0e5dc37024 0e34a276b155d5e290f77416a1986d ec47f8c78236ac7df249df9ba21a80 2e6bd75b4fb1c6ffe0f4cf548761a5 6a1fcccee156523a718987f3fdaedc 7171c9050db89a83f24c5a283695b9 c28de6d3b69fc1714b0add335a0ce6 fbbdbd0bbdb01e44969d775105bba3 d2947dca2f291250f9b851e76f514d dc5a3aa4498e6521314991568860eb ff1258d8b4aee9ee4159153684c0c0 16c60b17537a50b53cd59aad60678b d73f0714ab4ccae7416bab417b4907 36d59b2e9f I used echo `echo "<paste>" ` | sed "s/ //g" to get everything in one line, put that again into the clipboard and then start sage, type N=0x<paste><CR> sage: N=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 likewise for prime1 (P), prime2 (Q) and privateExponent (D) and publicExponent (E) sage: P=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 sage: Q=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 sage: D=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 sage: E=0x10001 check: sage: is_pseudoprime(P) True sage: gcd(N,P) 811194519730394220204949383061971492284209477134487451053533919242408334468793875483685418435472924384137737409878754330061341487239404629370463160720071782806016579636145456953095810661706004899017496722730291178259805745059054744795252171022091469940626116746608128441399036310378334222880519662696558703165249434265697658704322903051581598088400258377253583825209022558177374913570364047051007093402547387492492645729748176160840842076964161794363721255756097675823463557162877865622894488049720201680509519072521257128596878592149455958732762099800396648453225220977153025222265023206761554302369499402146842619059859650958489842850140873473393484632985863967898676228674751576699965523367097641503814266418957281198265955430221973482931544501209059788536033857660452959160612655542331433647351037413298986228798018950712662579341162832440884265576141868775326408627532047094505284395403786932363148262901839514736964209136867574532808481484592060405175685831168554790879720280778881035860464184791941816702480873202940903024652495084770128062224279875598826600084633389722629461385386069921483006677287847102371176994910369378323222717613076771700378608286670543729473076010314569999636269167049088093674649352610884381826740603 sage: N%P 0 >> P seems to be a prime, and is indeed a factor of N. sage: is_pseudoprime(Q) False sage: gcd(N,Q) 1 sage: ecm(Q) Found composite factor of 3 digits: 675 Composite cofactor ... has 1231 digits. Q has a small factor. The large cofactor is way too large to be factorized (today). >> Q must be wrong. sage: pow(pow(2,E,N),D,N) 2 sage: pow(pow(3,E,N),D,N) 3 sage: pow(pow(5,E,N),D,N) 5 sage: pow(pow(7,E,N),D,N) 7 sage: pow(pow(11,E,N),D,N) 11 sage: pow(pow(1000,E,N),D,N) 1000 >> x^D mod N is indeed the inverse of x^E mod N >> D seems to be correct. >> now compute sage: Qcorrect = N/P sage: is_prime(Qcorrect) False sage: is_pseudoprime(Qcorrect) True >> surprise, this is a sage artefact. >> is_prime is supposed to tell if Qcorrect >> is a provable prime, but these numbers are >> too large for a proof. sage: help(Qcorrect) class Rational ... >> oops, it is of course not a rational number. sage: Qcorrect = Integer(N/P) class Integer ... >> okay now it is an integer. sage: is_prime(Qcorrect) >> takes way too long: press CTRL-C sage: is_pseudoprime(Qcorrect) True >> so the correct Q seems to be a prime. sage: Q-Qcorrect 4468358315186607582623830645994123175323958284313904132666602205502546750542721902065776801908141680869902222733839989940221831332787838985874881107673910358472026239723185949529735314601712865712198736991916521419325287976337589177915143787138292689484229106140251936135768934015263941567159094923493376 sage: hex(Q-Qcorrect) '1a10400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000' >> interesting, now figure out the bits that are flipped in Q: Q ...20ddb67189f6dad... Qcorrect ...20dd9c6149f6dad... $ openssl rsa -in rsa8192.pem -outform der -out rsa8192.der writing RSA key $ xxd -ps < rsa8192.der > rsa8192.hex $ sed "s/20ddb67189f6dad/20dd9c6149f6dad/" < rsa8192.hex > rsa8192.out $ diff rsa8192.hex rsa8192.out 100c100 < 10b8095f420ddb67189f6dad62f1257b0f46e353a90eacc145c7db74998a --- > 10b8095f420dd9c6149f6dad62f1257b0f46e353a90eacc145c7db74998a >> et voila $ xxd -ps -r < rsa8192.out > rsa8192.der $ openssl rsa -inform der -in rsa8192.der -out rsa8192.pem writing RSA key $ openssl rsa -check -noout -in rsa8192.pem RSA key ok $ git diff diff --git a/apps/rsa8192.pem b/apps/rsa8192.pem index 946a6e5..83d962f 100644 --- a/apps/rsa8192.pem +++ b/apps/rsa8192.pem @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- - MIISKAIBAAKCBAEAiQ2f1X6Bte1DKD0OoCBKEikzPW+5w3oXk3WwnE97Wxzy6wJZ ebbZC3CZKKBnJeBMrysPf+lK+9+fP6Vm8bp1wvbcSIA59BDrX6irFSuM/bdnkbuF MFlDjt+uVrxwoyqfPi2IPot1HQg3l5mdyBqcTWvbOnU2L9HZxJfPUCjfzdTMPrMY @@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ JH1/Qx7C/mTAMRsN5SkOthnGq0djCNWfPv/3JV0H67Uf5krFlnwLebrgfTYoPPdo yO7iBUNJzv6Qh22malLp4P8gzACkD7DGlSTnoB5cLwcjmDGg+i9WrUBbOiVTeQfZ kOj1o+Tz35ndpq/DDUVlqliB9krcxva+QHeJPH53EGI+YVg1nD+s/vUDZ3mQMGX9 DQou2L8uU6RnWNv/BihGcL8QvS4Ty6QyPOUPpD3zc70JQAEcQk9BxQNaELgJX0IN -22cYn22tYvElew9G41OpDqzBRcfbdJmKXQ2HcroShutYJQRGUpAXHk24fy6JVkIU +2cYUn22tYvElew9G41OpDqzBRcfbdJmKXQ2HcroShutYJQRGUpAXHk24fy6JVkIU ojF5U6cwextMja1ZIIZgh9eugIRUeIE7319nQNDzuXWjRCcoBLA25P7wnpHWDRpz D9ovXCIvdja74lL5psqobV6L5+fbLPkSgXoImKR0LQKCAgAIC9Jk8kxumCyIVGCP PeM5Uby9M3GMuKrfYsn0Y5e97+kSJF1dpojTodBgR2KQar6eVrvXt+8uZCcIjfx8 @@ -98,4 +97,3 @@ TwEgE67iOb2iIoUpon/NyP4LesMzvdpsu2JFlfz13PmmQ34mFI7tWvOb3NA5DP3c rMlMLtKfp2w8HlMZpsUlToNCx6CI+tJrohzcs3BAVAbjFAXRKWGijB1rxwyDdHPv I+/wJTNaRNPQ1M0SwtEL/zJd21y3KSPn4eL+GP3efhlDSjtlDvZqkdAUsU8= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- - >> DONE. Fixes #11776 Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Matthias St. Pierre <Matthias.St.Pierre@ncp-e.com> (Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/11783) |
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README.md
Welcome to the OpenSSL Project
OpenSSL is a robust, commercial-grade, full-featured Open Source Toolkit for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol formerly known as the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol. The protocol implementation is based on a full-strength general purpose cryptographic library, which can also be used stand-alone.
OpenSSL is descended from the SSLeay library developed by Eric A. Young and Tim J. Hudson.
The official Home Page of the OpenSSL Project is www.openssl.org.
Table of Contents
Overview
The OpenSSL toolkit includes:
-
libssl an implementation of all TLS protocol versions up to TLSv1.3 (RFC 8446).
-
libcrypto a full-strength general purpose cryptographic library. It constitutes the basis of the TLS implementation, but can also be used independently.
-
openssl the OpenSSL command line tool, a swiss army knife for cryptographic tasks, testing and analyzing. It can be used for
- creation of key parameters
- creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
- calculation of message digests
- encryption and decryption
- SSL/TLS client and server tests
- handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
- and more...
Download
For Production Use
Source code tarballs of the official releases can be downloaded from www.openssl.org/source. The OpenSSL project does not distribute the toolkit in binary form.
However, for a large variety of operating systems precompiled versions of the OpenSSL toolkit are available. In particular on Linux and other Unix operating systems it is normally recommended to link against the precompiled shared libraries provided by the distributor or vendor.
For Testing and Development
Although testing and development could in theory also be done using the source tarballs, having a local copy of the git repository with the entire project history gives you much more insight into the code base.
The official OpenSSL Git Repository is located at git.openssl.org. There is a GitHub mirror of the repository at github.com/openssl/openssl, which is updated automatically from the former on every commit.
A local copy of the Git Repository can be obtained by cloning it from the original OpenSSL repository using
git clone git://git.openssl.org/openssl.git
or from the GitHub mirror using
git clone https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git
If you intend to contribute to OpenSSL, either to fix bugs or contribute new features, you need to fork the OpenSSL repository openssl/openssl on GitHub and clone your public fork instead.
git clone https://github.com/yourname/openssl.git
This is necessary, because all development of OpenSSL nowadays is done via GitHub pull requests. For more details, see Contributing.
Build and Install
After obtaining the Source, have a look at the INSTALL file for detailed instructions about building and installing OpenSSL. For some platforms, the installation instructions are amended by a platform specific document.
Specific notes on upgrading to OpenSSL 3.0 from previous versions, as well as known issues are available on the OpenSSL wiki.
Documentation
Manual Pages
The manual pages for the master branch and all current stable releases are available online.
Wiki
There is a Wiki at wiki.openssl.org which is currently not very active. It contains a lot of useful information, not all of which is up to date.
License
OpenSSL is licensed under the Apache License 2.0, which means that you are free to get and use it for commercial and non-commercial purposes as long as you fulfill its conditions.
See the LICENSE file for more details.
Support
There are various ways to get in touch. The correct channel depends on your requirement. see the SUPPORT file for more details.
Contributing
If you are interested and willing to contribute to the OpenSSL project, please take a look at the CONTRIBUTING file.
Since 2016, development takes place in public on the GitHub open source platform. The OpenSSL Project Pages at openssl.github.io are a valuable source of information if you want to get familiar with our development process on GitHub.
Legalities
A number of nations restrict the use or export of cryptography. If you are potentially subject to such restrictions you should seek legal advice before attempting to develop or distribute cryptographic code.
Copyright
Copyright (c) 1998-2020 The OpenSSL Project
Copyright (c) 1995-1998 Eric A. Young, Tim J. Hudson
All rights reserved.