async-book/examples/02_02_future_trait/src/lib.rs

// ANCHOR: simple_future
trait SimpleFuture {
    type Output;
    fn poll(&mut self, wake: fn()) -> Poll<Self::Output>;
}

enum Poll<T> {
    Ready(T),
    Pending,
}
// ANCHOR_END: simple_future

struct Socket;
impl Socket {
    fn has_data_to_read(&self) -> bool {
        // check if the socket is currently readable
        true
    }
    fn read_buf(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        // Read data in from the socket
        vec![]
    }
    fn set_readable_callback(&self, _wake: fn()) {
        // register `_wake` with something that will call it
        // once the socket becomes readable, such as an
        // `epoll`-based event loop.
    }
}

// ANCHOR: socket_read
pub struct SocketRead<'a> {
    socket: &'a Socket,
}

impl SimpleFuture for SocketRead<'_> {
    type Output = Vec<u8>;

    fn poll(&mut self, wake: fn()) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        if self.socket.has_data_to_read() {
            // The socket has data -- read it into a buffer and return it.
            Poll::Ready(self.socket.read_buf())
        } else {
            // The socket does not yet have data.
            //
            // Arrange for `wake` to be called once data is available.
            // When data becomes available, `wake` will be called, and the
            // user of this `Future` will know to call `poll` again and
            // receive data.
            self.socket.set_readable_callback(wake);
            Poll::Pending
        }
    }
}
// ANCHOR_END: socket_read

// ANCHOR: join
/// A SimpleFuture that runs two other futures to completion concurrently.
///
/// Concurrency is achieved via the fact that calls to `poll` each future
/// may be interleaved, allowing each future to advance itself at its own pace.
pub struct Join<FutureA, FutureB> {
    // Each field may contain a future that should be run to completion.
    // If the future has already completed, the field is set to `None`.
    // This prevents us from polling a future after it has completed, which
    // would violate the contract of the `Future` trait.
    a: Option<FutureA>,
    b: Option<FutureB>,
}

impl<FutureA, FutureB> SimpleFuture for Join<FutureA, FutureB>
where
    FutureA: SimpleFuture<Output = ()>,
    FutureB: SimpleFuture<Output = ()>,
{
    type Output = ();
    fn poll(&mut self, wake: fn()) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        // Attempt to complete future `a`.
        if let Some(a) = &mut self.a {
            if let Poll::Ready(()) = a.poll(wake) {
                self.a.take();
            }
        }

        // Attempt to complete future `b`.
        if let Some(b) = &mut self.b {
            if let Poll::Ready(()) = b.poll(wake) {
                self.b.take();
            }
        }

        if self.a.is_none() && self.b.is_none() {
            // Both futures have completed -- we can return successfully
            Poll::Ready(())
        } else {
            // One or both futures returned `Poll::Pending` and still have
            // work to do. They will call `wake()` when progress can be made.
            Poll::Pending
        }
    }
}
// ANCHOR_END: join

// ANCHOR: and_then
/// A SimpleFuture that runs two futures to completion, one after another.
//
// Note: for the purposes of this simple example, `AndThenFut` assumes both
// the first and second futures are available at creation-time. The real
// `AndThen` combinator allows creating the second future based on the output
// of the first future, like `get_breakfast.and_then(|food| eat(food))`.
pub struct AndThenFut<FutureA, FutureB> {
    first: Option<FutureA>,
    second: FutureB,
}

impl<FutureA, FutureB> SimpleFuture for AndThenFut<FutureA, FutureB>
where
    FutureA: SimpleFuture<Output = ()>,
    FutureB: SimpleFuture<Output = ()>,
{
    type Output = ();
    fn poll(&mut self, wake: fn()) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        if let Some(first) = &mut self.first {
            match first.poll(wake) {
                // We've completed the first future -- remove it and start on
                // the second!
                Poll::Ready(()) => self.first.take(),
                // We couldn't yet complete the first future.
                Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
            };
        }
        // Now that the first future is done, attempt to complete the second.
        self.second.poll(wake)
    }
}
// ANCHOR_END: and_then

mod real_future {
use std::{
    future::Future as RealFuture,
    pin::Pin,
    task::{Context, Poll},
};

// ANCHOR: real_future
trait Future {
    type Output;
    fn poll(
        // Note the change from `&mut self` to `Pin<&mut Self>`:
        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
        // and the change from `wake: fn()` to `cx: &mut Context<'_>`:
        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
    ) -> Poll<Self::Output>;
}
// ANCHOR_END: real_future

// ensure that `Future` matches `RealFuture`:
impl<O> Future for dyn RealFuture<Output = O> {
    type Output = O;
    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        RealFuture::poll(self, cx)
    }
}
}