## Unstable Features

Experimental Cargo features are only available on the [nightly channel]. You
are encouraged to experiment with these features to see if they meet your
needs, and if there are any issues or problems. Check the linked tracking
issues listed below for more information on the feature, and click the GitHub
subscribe button if you want future updates.

After some period of time, if the feature does not have any major concerns, it
can be [stabilized], which will make it available on stable once the current
nightly release reaches the stable channel (anywhere from 6 to 12 weeks).

There are three different ways that unstable features can be enabled based on
how the feature works:

* New syntax in `Cargo.toml` requires a `cargo-features` key at the top of
  `Cargo.toml`, before any tables. For example:

  ```toml
  # This specifies which new Cargo.toml features are enabled.
  cargo-features = ["test-dummy-unstable"]

  [package]
  name = "my-package"
  version = "0.1.0"
  im-a-teapot = true  # This is a new option enabled by test-dummy-unstable.
  ```

* New command-line flags, options, and subcommands require the `-Z
  unstable-options` CLI option to also be included. For example, the new
  `--out-dir` option is only available on nightly:

  ```cargo +nightly build --out-dir=out -Z unstable-options```

* `-Z` command-line flags are used to enable new functionality that may not
  have an interface, or the interface has not yet been designed, or for more
  complex features that affect multiple parts of Cargo. For example, the
  [mtime-on-use](#mtime-on-use) feature can be enabled with:

  ```cargo +nightly build -Z mtime-on-use```

  Run `cargo -Z help` to see a list of flags available.

  Anything which can be configured with a `-Z` flag can also be set in the
  cargo [config file] (`.cargo/config.toml`) in the `unstable` table. For
  example:

  ```toml
  [unstable]
  mtime-on-use = true
  build-std = ["core", "alloc"]
  ```

Each new feature described below should explain how to use it.

[config file]: config.md
[nightly channel]: ../../book/appendix-07-nightly-rust.html
[stabilized]: https://doc.crates.io/contrib/process/unstable.html#stabilization

### List of unstable features

* Unstable-specific features
    * [-Z allow-features](#allow-features) — Provides a way to restrict which unstable features are used.
* Build scripts and linking
    * [Metabuild](#metabuild) — Provides declarative build scripts.
* Resolver and features
    * [no-index-update](#no-index-update) — Prevents cargo from updating the index cache.
    * [avoid-dev-deps](#avoid-dev-deps) — Prevents the resolver from including dev-dependencies during resolution.
    * [minimal-versions](#minimal-versions) — Forces the resolver to use the lowest compatible version instead of the highest.
    * [public-dependency](#public-dependency) — Allows dependencies to be classified as either public or private.
* Output behavior
    * [out-dir](#out-dir) — Adds a directory where artifacts are copied to.
    * [terminal-width](#terminal-width) — Tells rustc the width of the terminal so that long diagnostic messages can be truncated to be more readable.
    * [Different binary name](#different-binary-name) — Assign a name to the built binary that is separate from the crate name.
* Compile behavior
    * [mtime-on-use](#mtime-on-use) — Updates the last-modified timestamp on every dependency every time it is used, to provide a mechanism to delete unused artifacts.
    * [doctest-xcompile](#doctest-xcompile) — Supports running doctests with the `--target` flag.
    * [build-std](#build-std) — Builds the standard library instead of using pre-built binaries.
    * [build-std-features](#build-std-features) — Sets features to use with the standard library.
    * [binary-dep-depinfo](#binary-dep-depinfo) — Causes the dep-info file to track binary dependencies.
    * [panic-abort-tests](#panic-abort-tests) — Allows running tests with the "abort" panic strategy.
    * [crate-type](#crate-type) — Supports passing crate types to the compiler.
    * [keep-going](#keep-going) — Build as much as possible rather than aborting on the first error.
* rustdoc
    * [`doctest-in-workspace`](#doctest-in-workspace) — Fixes workspace-relative paths when running doctests.
    * [rustdoc-map](#rustdoc-map) — Provides mappings for documentation to link to external sites like [docs.rs](https://docs.rs/).
* `Cargo.toml` extensions
    * [Profile `rustflags` option](#profile-rustflags-option) — Passed directly to rustc.
    * [per-package-target](#per-package-target) — Sets the `--target` to use for each individual package.
    * [artifact dependencies](#artifact-dependencies) - Allow build artifacts to be included into other build artifacts and build them for different targets.
* Information and metadata
    * [Build-plan](#build-plan) — Emits JSON information on which commands will be run.
    * [unit-graph](#unit-graph) — Emits JSON for Cargo's internal graph structure.
    * [`cargo rustc --print`](#rustc---print) — Calls rustc with `--print` to display information from rustc.
* Configuration
    * [config-include](#config-include) — Adds the ability for config files to include other files.
    * [`cargo config`](#cargo-config) — Adds a new subcommand for viewing config files.
* Registries
    * [credential-process](#credential-process) — Adds support for fetching registry tokens from an external authentication program.
    * [`cargo logout`](#cargo-logout) — Adds the `logout` command to remove the currently saved registry token.
    * [sparse-registry](#sparse-registry) — Adds support for fetching from static-file HTTP registries (`sparse+`)
    * [publish-timeout](#publish-timeout) — Controls the timeout between uploading the crate and being available in the index
    * [registry-auth](#registry-auth) — Adds support for authenticated registries.

### allow-features

This permanently-unstable flag makes it so that only a listed set of
unstable features can be used. Specifically, if you pass
`-Zallow-features=foo,bar`, you'll continue to be able to pass `-Zfoo`
and `-Zbar` to `cargo`, but you will be unable to pass `-Zbaz`. You can
pass an empty string (`-Zallow-features=`) to disallow all unstable
features.

`-Zallow-features` also restricts which unstable features can be passed
to the `cargo-features` entry in `Cargo.toml`. If, for example, you want
to allow

```toml
cargo-features = ["test-dummy-unstable"]
```

where `test-dummy-unstable` is unstable, that features would also be
disallowed by `-Zallow-features=`, and allowed with
`-Zallow-features=test-dummy-unstable`.

The list of features passed to cargo's `-Zallow-features` is also passed
to any Rust tools that cargo ends up calling (like `rustc` or
`rustdoc`). Thus, if you run `cargo -Zallow-features=`, no unstable
Cargo _or_ Rust features can be used.

### no-index-update
* Original Issue: [#3479](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/3479)
* Tracking Issue: [#7404](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/7404)

The `-Z no-index-update` flag ensures that Cargo does not attempt to update
the registry index. This is intended for tools such as Crater that issue many
Cargo commands, and you want to avoid the network latency for updating the
index each time.

### mtime-on-use
* Original Issue: [#6477](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/6477)
* Cache usage meta tracking issue: [#7150](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/7150)

The `-Z mtime-on-use` flag is an experiment to have Cargo update the mtime of
used files to make it easier for tools like cargo-sweep to detect which files
are stale. For many workflows this needs to be set on *all* invocations of cargo.
To make this more practical setting the `unstable.mtime_on_use` flag in `.cargo/config.toml`
or the corresponding ENV variable will apply the `-Z mtime-on-use` to all
invocations of nightly cargo. (the config flag is ignored by stable)

### avoid-dev-deps
* Original Issue: [#4988](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/4988)
* Tracking Issue: [#5133](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/5133)

When running commands such as `cargo install` or `cargo build`, Cargo
currently requires dev-dependencies to be downloaded, even if they are not
used. The `-Z avoid-dev-deps` flag allows Cargo to avoid downloading
dev-dependencies if they are not needed. The `Cargo.lock` file will not be
generated if dev-dependencies are skipped.

### minimal-versions
* Original Issue: [#4100](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/4100)
* Tracking Issue: [#5657](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/5657)

> Note: It is not recommended to use this feature. Because it enforces minimal
> versions for all transitive dependencies, its usefulness is limited since
> not all external dependencies declare proper lower version bounds. It is
> intended that it will be changed in the future to only enforce minimal
> versions for direct dependencies.

When a `Cargo.lock` file is generated, the `-Z minimal-versions` flag will
resolve the dependencies to the minimum SemVer version that will satisfy the
requirements (instead of the greatest version).

The intended use-case of this flag is to check, during continuous integration,
that the versions specified in Cargo.toml are a correct reflection of the
minimum versions that you are actually using. That is, if Cargo.toml says
`foo = "1.0.0"` that you don't accidentally depend on features added only in
`foo 1.5.0`.

### out-dir
* Original Issue: [#4875](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/4875)
* Tracking Issue: [#6790](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/6790)

This feature allows you to specify the directory where artifacts will be
copied to after they are built. Typically artifacts are only written to the
`target/release` or `target/debug` directories. However, determining the
exact filename can be tricky since you need to parse JSON output. The
`--out-dir` flag makes it easier to predictably access the artifacts. Note
that the artifacts are copied, so the originals are still in the `target`
directory. Example:

```sh
cargo +nightly build --out-dir=out -Z unstable-options
```

This can also be specified in `.cargo/config.toml` files.

```toml
[build]
out-dir = "out"
```

### doctest-xcompile
* Tracking Issue: [#7040](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/7040)
* Tracking Rustc Issue: [#64245](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/64245)

This flag changes `cargo test`'s behavior when handling doctests when
a target is passed. Currently, if a target is passed that is different
from the host cargo will simply skip testing doctests. If this flag is
present, cargo will continue as normal, passing the tests to doctest,
while also passing it a `--target` option, as well as enabling
`-Zunstable-features --enable-per-target-ignores` and passing along
information from `.cargo/config.toml`. See the rustc issue for more information.

```sh
cargo test --target foo -Zdoctest-xcompile
```

#### New `dir-name` attribute

Some of the paths generated under `target/` have resulted in a de-facto "build
protocol", where `cargo` is invoked as a part of a larger project build. So, to
preserve the existing behavior, there is also a new attribute `dir-name`, which
when left unspecified, defaults to the name of the profile. For example:

```toml
[profile.release-lto]
inherits = "release"
dir-name = "lto"  # Emits to target/lto instead of target/release-lto
lto = true
```

### Build-plan
* Tracking Issue: [#5579](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/5579)

The `--build-plan` argument for the `build` command will output JSON with
information about which commands would be run without actually executing
anything. This can be useful when integrating with another build tool.
Example:

```sh
cargo +nightly build --build-plan -Z unstable-options
```

### Metabuild
* Tracking Issue: [rust-lang/rust#49803](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/49803)
* RFC: [#2196](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2196-metabuild.md)

Metabuild is a feature to have declarative build scripts. Instead of writing
a `build.rs` script, you specify a list of build dependencies in the
`metabuild` key in `Cargo.toml`. A build script is automatically generated
that runs each build dependency in order. Metabuild packages can then read
metadata from `Cargo.toml` to specify their behavior.

Include `cargo-features` at the top of `Cargo.toml`, a `metabuild` key in the
`package`, list the dependencies in `build-dependencies`, and add any metadata
that the metabuild packages require under `package.metadata`. Example:

```toml
cargo-features = ["metabuild"]

[package]
name = "mypackage"
version = "0.0.1"
metabuild = ["foo", "bar"]

[build-dependencies]
foo = "1.0"
bar = "1.0"

[package.metadata.foo]
extra-info = "qwerty"
```

Metabuild packages should have a public function called `metabuild` that
performs the same actions as a regular `build.rs` script would perform.

### public-dependency
* Tracking Issue: [#44663](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44663)

The 'public-dependency' feature allows marking dependencies as 'public'
or 'private'. When this feature is enabled, additional information is passed to rustc to allow
the 'exported_private_dependencies' lint to function properly.

This requires the appropriate key to be set in `cargo-features`:

```toml
cargo-features = ["public-dependency"]

[dependencies]
my_dep = { version = "1.2.3", public = true }
private_dep = "2.0.0" # Will be 'private' by default
```

### build-std
* Tracking Repository: <https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-cargo-std-aware>

The `build-std` feature enables Cargo to compile the standard library itself as
part of a crate graph compilation. This feature has also historically been known
as "std-aware Cargo". This feature is still in very early stages of development,
and is also a possible massive feature addition to Cargo. This is a very large
feature to document, even in the minimal form that it exists in today, so if
you're curious to stay up to date you'll want to follow the [tracking
repository](https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-cargo-std-aware) and its set of
issues.

The functionality implemented today is behind a flag called `-Z build-std`. This
flag indicates that Cargo should compile the standard library from source code
using the same profile as the main build itself. Note that for this to work you
need to have the source code for the standard library available, and at this
time the only supported method of doing so is to add the `rust-src` rust rustup
component:

```console
$ rustup component add rust-src --toolchain nightly
```

It is also required today that the `-Z build-std` flag is combined with the
`--target` flag. Note that you're not forced to do a cross compilation, you're
just forced to pass `--target` in one form or another.

Usage looks like:

```console
$ cargo new foo
$ cd foo
$ cargo +nightly run -Z build-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
   Compiling core v0.0.0 (...)
   ...
   Compiling foo v0.1.0 (...)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 21.00s
     Running `target/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/debug/foo`
Hello, world!
```

Here we recompiled the standard library in debug mode with debug assertions
(like `src/main.rs` is compiled) and everything was linked together at the end.

Using `-Z build-std` will implicitly compile the stable crates `core`, `std`,
`alloc`, and `proc_macro`. If you're using `cargo test` it will also compile the
`test` crate. If you're working with an environment which does not support some
of these crates, then you can pass an argument to `-Zbuild-std` as well:

```console
$ cargo +nightly build -Z build-std=core,alloc
```

The value here is a comma-separated list of standard library crates to build.

#### Requirements

As a summary, a list of requirements today to use `-Z build-std` are:

* You must install libstd's source code through `rustup component add rust-src`
* You must pass `--target`
* You must use both a nightly Cargo and a nightly rustc
* The `-Z build-std` flag must be passed to all `cargo` invocations.

#### Reporting bugs and helping out

The `-Z build-std` feature is in the very early stages of development! This
feature for Cargo has an extremely long history and is very large in scope, and
this is just the beginning. If you'd like to report bugs please either report
them to:

* Cargo - <https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/new> - for implementation bugs
* The tracking repository -
  <https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-cargo-std-aware/issues/new> - for larger design
  questions.

Also if you'd like to see a feature that's not yet implemented and/or if
something doesn't quite work the way you'd like it to, feel free to check out
the [issue tracker](https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-cargo-std-aware/issues) of
the tracking repository, and if it's not there please file a new issue!

### build-std-features
* Tracking Repository: <https://github.com/rust-lang/wg-cargo-std-aware>

This flag is a sibling to the `-Zbuild-std` feature flag. This will configure
the features enabled for the standard library itself when building the standard
library. The default enabled features, at this time, are `backtrace` and
`panic_unwind`. This flag expects a comma-separated list and, if provided, will
override the default list of features enabled.

### binary-dep-depinfo
* Tracking rustc issue: [#63012](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/63012)

The `-Z binary-dep-depinfo` flag causes Cargo to forward the same flag to
`rustc` which will then cause `rustc` to include the paths of all binary
dependencies in the "dep info" file (with the `.d` extension). Cargo then uses
that information for change-detection (if any binary dependency changes, then
the crate will be rebuilt). The primary use case is for building the compiler
itself, which has implicit dependencies on the standard library that would
otherwise be untracked for change-detection.

### panic-abort-tests
* Tracking Issue: [#67650](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/67650)
* Original Pull Request: [#7460](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/7460)

The `-Z panic-abort-tests` flag will enable nightly support to compile test
harness crates with `-Cpanic=abort`. Without this flag Cargo will compile tests,
and everything they depend on, with `-Cpanic=unwind` because it's the only way
`test`-the-crate knows how to operate. As of [rust-lang/rust#64158], however,
the `test` crate supports `-C panic=abort` with a test-per-process, and can help
avoid compiling crate graphs multiple times.

It's currently unclear how this feature will be stabilized in Cargo, but we'd
like to stabilize it somehow!

[rust-lang/rust#64158]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/64158

### keep-going
* Tracking Issue: [#10496](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10496)

`cargo build --keep-going` (and similarly for `check`, `test` etc) will build as
many crates in the dependency graph as possible, rather than aborting the build
at the first one that fails to build.

For example if the current package depends on dependencies `fails` and `works`,
one of which fails to build, `cargo check -j1` may or may not build the one that
succeeds (depending on which one of the two builds Cargo picked to run first),
whereas `cargo check -j1 --keep-going` would definitely run both builds, even if
the one run first fails.

The `-Z unstable-options` command-line option must be used in order to use
`--keep-going` while it is not yet stable:

```console
cargo check --keep-going -Z unstable-options
```

### config-include
* Tracking Issue: [#7723](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/7723)

The `include` key in a config file can be used to load another config file. It
takes a string for a path to another file relative to the config file, or a
list of strings. It requires the `-Zconfig-include` command-line option.

```toml
# .cargo/config
include = '../../some-common-config.toml'
```

The config values are first loaded from the include path, and then the config
file's own values are merged on top of it.

This can be paired with [config-cli](#config-cli) to specify a file to load
from the command-line. Pass a path to a config file as the argument to
`--config`:

```console
cargo +nightly -Zunstable-options -Zconfig-include --config somefile.toml build
```

CLI paths are relative to the current working directory.

### target-applies-to-host
* Original Pull Request: [#9322](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9322)
* Tracking Issue: [#9453](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9453)

Historically, Cargo's behavior for whether the `linker` and `rustflags`
configuration options from environment variables and `[target]` are
respected for build scripts, plugins, and other artifacts that are
_always_ built for the host platform has been somewhat inconsistent.
When `--target` is _not_ passed, Cargo respects the same `linker` and
`rustflags` for build scripts as for all other compile artifacts. When
`--target` _is_ passed, however, Cargo respects `linker` from
`[target.<host triple>]`, and does not pick up any `rustflags`
configuration. This dual behavior is confusing, but also makes it
difficult to correctly configure builds where the host triple and the
target triple happen to be the same, but artifacts intended to run on
the build host should still be configured differently.

`-Ztarget-applies-to-host` enables the top-level
`target-applies-to-host` setting in Cargo configuration files which
allows users to opt into different (and more consistent) behavior for
these properties. When `target-applies-to-host` is unset, or set to
`true`, in the configuration file, the existing Cargo behavior is
preserved (though see `-Zhost-config`, which changes that default). When
it is set to `false`, no options from `[target.<host triple>]`,
`RUSTFLAGS`, or `[build]` are respected for host artifacts regardless of
whether `--target` is passed to Cargo. To customize artifacts intended
to be run on the host, use `[host]` ([`host-config`](#host-config)).

In the future, `target-applies-to-host` may end up defaulting to `false`
to provide more sane and consistent default behavior.

```toml
# config.toml
target-applies-to-host = false
```

```console
cargo +nightly -Ztarget-applies-to-host build --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
```

### host-config
* Original Pull Request: [#9322](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9322)
* Tracking Issue: [#9452](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9452)

The `host` key in a config file can be used pass flags to host build targets
such as build scripts that must run on the host system instead of the target
system when cross compiling. It supports both generic and host arch specific
tables. Matching host arch tables take precedence over generic host tables.

It requires the `-Zhost-config` and `-Ztarget-applies-to-host`
command-line options to be set, and that `target-applies-to-host =
false` is set in the Cargo configuration file.

```toml
# config.toml
[host]
linker = "/path/to/host/linker"
[host.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
linker = "/path/to/host/arch/linker"
rustflags = ["-Clink-arg=--verbose"]
[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
linker = "/path/to/target/linker"
```

The generic `host` table above will be entirely ignored when building on a
`x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` host as the `host.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` table
takes precedence.

Setting `-Zhost-config` changes the default for `target-applies-to-host` to
`false` from `true`.

```console
cargo +nightly -Ztarget-applies-to-host -Zhost-config build --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
```

### unit-graph
* Tracking Issue: [#8002](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8002)

The `--unit-graph` flag can be passed to any build command (`build`, `check`,
`run`, `test`, `bench`, `doc`, etc.) to emit a JSON object to stdout which
represents Cargo's internal unit graph. Nothing is actually built, and the
command returns immediately after printing. Each "unit" corresponds to an
execution of the compiler. These objects also include which unit each unit
depends on.

```
cargo +nightly build --unit-graph -Z unstable-options
```

This structure provides a more complete view of the dependency relationship as
Cargo sees it. In particular, the "features" field supports the new feature
resolver where a dependency can be built multiple times with different
features. `cargo metadata` fundamentally cannot represent the relationship of
features between different dependency kinds, and features now depend on which
command is run and which packages and targets are selected. Additionally it
can provide details about intra-package dependencies like build scripts or
tests.

The following is a description of the JSON structure:

```javascript
{
  /* Version of the JSON output structure. If any backwards incompatible
     changes are made, this value will be increased.
  */
  "version": 1,
  /* Array of all build units. */
  "units": [
    {
      /* An opaque string which indicates the package.
         Information about the package can be obtained from `cargo metadata`.
      */
      "pkg_id": "my-package 0.1.0 (path+file:///path/to/my-package)",
      /* The Cargo target. See the `cargo metadata` documentation for more
         information about these fields.
         https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-metadata.html
      */
      "target": {
        "kind": ["lib"],
        "crate_types": ["lib"],
        "name": "my-package",
        "src_path": "/path/to/my-package/src/lib.rs",
        "edition": "2018",
        "test": true,
        "doctest": true
      },
      /* The profile settings for this unit.
         These values may not match the profile defined in the manifest.
         Units can use modified profile settings. For example, the "panic"
         setting can be overridden for tests to force it to "unwind".
      */
      "profile": {
        /* The profile name these settings are derived from. */
        "name": "dev",
        /* The optimization level as a string. */
        "opt_level": "0",
        /* The LTO setting as a string. */
        "lto": "false",
        /* The codegen units as an integer.
           `null` if it should use the compiler's default.
        */
        "codegen_units": null,
        /* The debug information level as an integer.
           `null` if it should use the compiler's default (0).
        */
        "debuginfo": 2,
        /* Whether or not debug-assertions are enabled. */
        "debug_assertions": true,
        /* Whether or not overflow-checks are enabled. */
        "overflow_checks": true,
        /* Whether or not rpath is enabled. */
        "rpath": false,
        /* Whether or not incremental is enabled. */
        "incremental": true,
        /* The panic strategy, "unwind" or "abort". */
        "panic": "unwind"
      },
      /* Which platform this target is being built for.
         A value of `null` indicates it is for the host.
         Otherwise it is a string of the target triple (such as
         "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu").
      */
      "platform": null,
      /* The "mode" for this unit. Valid values:

         * "test" — Build using `rustc` as a test.
         * "build" — Build using `rustc`.
         * "check" — Build using `rustc` in "check" mode.
         * "doc" — Build using `rustdoc`.
         * "doctest" — Test using `rustdoc`.
         * "run-custom-build" — Represents the execution of a build script.
      */
      "mode": "build",
      /* Array of features enabled on this unit as strings. */
      "features": ["somefeat"],
      /* Whether or not this is a standard-library unit,
         part of the unstable build-std feature.
         If not set, treat as `false`.
      */
      "is_std": false,
      /* Array of dependencies of this unit. */
      "dependencies": [
        {
          /* Index in the "units" array for the dependency. */
          "index": 1,
          /* The name that this dependency will be referred as. */
          "extern_crate_name": "unicode_xid",
          /* Whether or not this dependency is "public",
             part of the unstable public-dependency feature.
             If not set, the public-dependency feature is not enabled.
          */
          "public": false,
          /* Whether or not this dependency is injected into the prelude,
             currently used by the build-std feature.
             If not set, treat as `false`.
          */
          "noprelude": false
        }
      ]
    },
    // ...
  ],
  /* Array of indices in the "units" array that are the "roots" of the
     dependency graph.
  */
  "roots": [0],
}
```

### Profile `rustflags` option
* Original Issue: [rust-lang/cargo#7878](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/7878)
* Tracking Issue: [rust-lang/cargo#10271](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10271)

This feature provides a new option in the `[profile]` section to specify flags
that are passed directly to rustc.
This can be enabled like so:

```toml
cargo-features = ["profile-rustflags"]

[package]
# ...

[profile.release]
rustflags = [ "-C", "..." ]
```

### rustdoc-map
* Tracking Issue: [#8296](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8296)

This feature adds configuration settings that are passed to `rustdoc` so that
it can generate links to dependencies whose documentation is hosted elsewhere
when the dependency is not documented. First, add this to `.cargo/config`:

```toml
[doc.extern-map.registries]
crates-io = "https://docs.rs/"
```

Then, when building documentation, use the following flags to cause links
to dependencies to link to [docs.rs](https://docs.rs/):

```
cargo +nightly doc --no-deps -Zrustdoc-map
```

The `registries` table contains a mapping of registry name to the URL to link
to. The URL may have the markers `{pkg_name}` and `{version}` which will get
replaced with the corresponding values. If neither are specified, then Cargo
defaults to appending `{pkg_name}/{version}/` to the end of the URL.

Another config setting is available to redirect standard library links. By
default, rustdoc creates links to <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/>. To
change this behavior, use the `doc.extern-map.std` setting:

```toml
[doc.extern-map]
std = "local"
```

A value of `"local"` means to link to the documentation found in the `rustc`
sysroot. If you are using rustup, this documentation can be installed with
`rustup component add rust-docs`.

The default value is `"remote"`.

The value may also take a URL for a custom location.

### terminal-width

* Tracking Issue: [#84673](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/84673)

This feature provides a new flag, `-Z terminal-width`, which is used to pass
a terminal width to `rustc` so that error messages containing long lines
can be intelligently truncated.

For example, passing `-Z terminal-width=20` (an arbitrarily low value) might
produce the following error:

```text
error[E0308]: mismatched types
  --> src/main.rs:2:17
  |
2 | ..._: () = 42;
  |       --   ^^ expected `()`, found integer
  |       |
  |       expected due to this

error: aborting due to previous error
```

In contrast, without `-Z terminal-width`, the error would look as shown below:

```text
error[E0308]: mismatched types
 --> src/main.rs:2:17
  |
2 |     let _: () = 42;
  |            --   ^^ expected `()`, found integer
  |            |
  |            expected due to this

error: aborting due to previous error
```

### per-package-target
* Tracking Issue: [#9406](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9406)
* Original Pull Request: [#9030](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9030)
* Original Issue: [#7004](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/7004)

The `per-package-target` feature adds two keys to the manifest:
`package.default-target` and `package.forced-target`. The first makes
the package be compiled by default (ie. when no `--target` argument is
passed) for some target. The second one makes the package always be
compiled for the target.

Example:

```toml
[package]
forced-target = "wasm32-unknown-unknown"
```

In this example, the crate is always built for
`wasm32-unknown-unknown`, for instance because it is going to be used
as a plugin for a main program that runs on the host (or provided on
the command line) target.

### artifact-dependencies

* Tracking Issue: [#9096](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9096)
* Original Pull Request: [#9992](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9992)

Allow Cargo packages to depend on `bin`, `cdylib`, and `staticlib` crates,
and use the artifacts built by those crates at compile time.

Run `cargo` with `-Z bindeps` to enable this functionality.

**Example:** use _cdylib_ artifact in build script

The `Cargo.toml` in the consuming package, building the `bar` library as `cdylib`
for a specific build target…

```toml
[build-dependencies]
bar = { artifact = "cdylib", version = "1.0", target = "wasm32-unknown-unknown" }
```

…along with the build script in `build.rs`.

```rust
fn main() {
  wasm::run_file(std::env::var("CARGO_CDYLIB_FILE_BAR").unwrap());
}
```

**Example:** use _binary_ artifact and its library in a binary

The `Cargo.toml` in the consuming package, building the `bar` binary for inclusion
as artifact while making it available as library as well…

```toml
[dependencies]
bar = { artifact = "bin", version = "1.0", lib = true }
```

…along with the executable using `main.rs`.

```rust
fn main() {
  bar::init();
  command::run(env!("CARGO_BIN_FILE_BAR"));
}
```

### sparse-registry
* Tracking Issue: [9069](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9069)
* RFC: [#2789](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/2789)

The `sparse-registry` feature allows cargo to interact with remote registries served
over plain HTTP rather than git. These registries can be identified by urls starting with
`sparse+http://` or `sparse+https://`.

When fetching index metadata over HTTP, Cargo only downloads the metadata for relevant
crates, which can save significant time and bandwidth.

The format of the sparse index is identical to a checkout of a git-based index.

The `registries.crates-io.protocol` config option can be used to set the default protocol
for crates.io. This option requires `-Z sparse-registry` to be enabled.

* `sparse` — Use sparse index.
* `git` — Use git index.
* If the option is unset, it will be sparse index if `-Z sparse-registry` is enabled,
  otherwise it will be git index.

Cargo locally caches the crate metadata files, and captures an `ETag` or `Last-Modified` 
HTTP header from the server for each entry. When refreshing crate metadata, Cargo will
send the `If-None-Match` or `If-Modified-Since` header to allow the server to respond
with HTTP 304 if the local cache is valid, saving time and bandwidth.

### publish-timeout
* Tracking Issue: [11222](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/11222)

The `publish.timeout` key in a config file can be used to control how long
`cargo publish` waits between posting a package to the registry and it being
available in the local index.

A timeout of `0` prevents any checks from occurring.

It requires the `-Zpublish-timeout` command-line options to be set.

```toml
# config.toml
[publish]
timeout = 300  # in seconds
```

### registry-auth
* Tracking Issue: [10474](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10474)
* RFC: [#3139](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3139)

Enables Cargo to include the authorization token for API requests, crate downloads
and sparse index updates by adding a configuration option to config.json
in the registry index.

To use this feature, the registry server must include `"auth-required": true` in
`config.json`, and you must pass the `-Z registry-auth` flag on the Cargo command line.

When using the sparse protocol, Cargo will attempt to fetch the `config.json` file before
fetching any other files. If the server responds with an HTTP 401, then Cargo will assume
that the registry requires authentication and re-attempt the request for `config.json`
with the authentication token included.

On authentication failure (or missing authentication token) the server MAY include a
`WWW-Authenticate` header with a `Cargo login_url` challenge to indicate where the user
can go to get a token.

```
WWW-Authenticate: Cargo login_url="https://test-registry-login/me
```

### credential-process
* Tracking Issue: [#8933](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8933)
* RFC: [#2730](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/2730)

The `credential-process` feature adds a config setting to fetch registry
authentication tokens by calling an external process.

Token authentication is used by the [`cargo login`], [`cargo publish`],
[`cargo owner`], and [`cargo yank`] commands. Additionally, this feature adds
a new `cargo logout` command.

To use this feature, you must pass the `-Z credential-process` flag on the
command-line. Additionally, you must remove any current tokens currently saved
in the [`credentials` file] (which can be done with the new `logout` command).

#### `credential-process` Configuration

To configure which process to run to fetch the token, specify the process in
the `registry` table in a [config file]:

```toml
[registry]
credential-process = "/usr/bin/cargo-creds"
```

If you want to use a different process for a specific registry, it can be
specified in the `registries` table:

```toml
[registries.my-registry]
credential-process = "/usr/bin/cargo-creds"
```

The value can be a string with spaces separating arguments or it can be a TOML
array of strings.

Command-line arguments allow special placeholders which will be replaced with
the corresponding value:

* `{name}` — The name of the registry.
* `{api_url}` — The base URL of the registry API endpoints.
* `{action}` — The authentication action (described below).

Process names with the prefix `cargo:` are loaded from the `libexec` directory
next to cargo. Several experimental credential wrappers are included with
Cargo, and this provides convenient access to them:

```toml
[registry]
credential-process = "cargo:macos-keychain"
```

The current wrappers are:

* `cargo:macos-keychain`: Uses the macOS Keychain to store the token.
* `cargo:wincred`: Uses the Windows Credential Manager to store the token.
* `cargo:1password`: Uses the 1password `op` CLI to store the token. You must
  install the `op` CLI from the [1password
  website](https://1password.com/downloads/command-line/). You must run `op
  signin` at least once with the appropriate arguments (such as `op signin
  my.1password.com user@example.com`), unless you provide the sign-in-address
  and email arguments. The master password will be required on each request
  unless the appropriate `OP_SESSION` environment variable is set. It supports
  the following command-line arguments:
  * `--account`: The account shorthand name to use.
  * `--vault`: The vault name to use.
  * `--sign-in-address`: The sign-in-address, which is a web address such as `my.1password.com`.
  * `--email`: The email address to sign in with.

A wrapper is available for GNOME
[libsecret](https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Libsecret) to store tokens on
Linux systems. Due to build limitations, this wrapper is not available as a
pre-compiled binary. This can be built and installed manually. First, install
libsecret using your system package manager (for example, `sudo apt install
libsecret-1-dev`). Then build and install the wrapper with `cargo install
cargo-credential-gnome-secret`.
In the config, use a path to the binary like this:

```toml
[registry]
credential-process = "cargo-credential-gnome-secret {action}"
```

#### `credential-process` Interface

There are two different kinds of token processes that Cargo supports. The
simple "basic" kind will only be called by Cargo when it needs a token. This
is intended for simple and easy integration with password managers, that can
often use pre-existing tooling. The more advanced "Cargo" kind supports
different actions passed as a command-line argument. This is intended for more
pleasant integration experience, at the expense of requiring a Cargo-specific
process to glue to the password manager. Cargo will determine which kind is
supported by the `credential-process` definition. If it contains the
`{action}` argument, then it uses the advanced style, otherwise it assumes it
only supports the "basic" kind.

##### Basic authenticator

A basic authenticator is a process that returns a token on stdout. Newlines
will be trimmed. The process inherits the user's stdin and stderr. It should
exit 0 on success, and nonzero on error.

With this form, [`cargo login`] and `cargo logout` are not supported and
return an error if used.

##### Cargo authenticator

The protocol between the Cargo and the process is very basic, intended to
ensure the credential process is kept as simple as possible. Cargo will
execute the process with the `{action}` argument indicating which action to
perform:

* `store` — Store the given token in secure storage.
* `get` — Get a token from storage.
* `erase` — Remove a token from storage.

The `cargo login` command uses `store` to save a token. Commands that require
authentication, like `cargo publish`, uses `get` to retrieve a token. `cargo
logout` uses the `erase` command to remove a token.

The process inherits the user's stderr, so the process can display messages.
Some values are passed in via environment variables (see below). The expected
interactions are:

* `store` — The token is sent to the process's stdin, terminated by a newline.
  The process should store the token keyed off the registry name. If the
  process fails, it should exit with a nonzero exit status.

* `get` — The process should send the token to its stdout (trailing newline
  will be trimmed). The process inherits the user's stdin, should it need to
  receive input.

  If the process is unable to fulfill the request, it should exit with a
  nonzero exit code.

* `erase` — The process should remove the token associated with the registry
  name. If the token is not found, the process should exit with a 0 exit
  status.

##### Environment

The following environment variables will be provided to the executed command:

* `CARGO` — Path to the `cargo` binary executing the command.
* `CARGO_REGISTRY_INDEX_URL` — The URL of the registry index.
* `CARGO_REGISTRY_NAME_OPT` — Optional name of the registry. Should not be used as a storage key. Not always available.

#### `cargo logout`

A new `cargo logout` command has been added to make it easier to remove a
token from storage. This supports both [`credentials` file] tokens and
`credential-process` tokens.

When used with `credentials` file tokens, it needs the `-Z unstable-options`
command-line option:

```console
cargo logout -Z unstable-options
```

When used with the `credential-process` config, use the `-Z
credential-process` command-line option:


```console
cargo logout -Z credential-process
```

[`cargo login`]: ../commands/cargo-login.md
[`cargo publish`]: ../commands/cargo-publish.md
[`cargo owner`]: ../commands/cargo-owner.md
[`cargo yank`]: ../commands/cargo-yank.md
[`credentials` file]: config.md#credentials
[crates.io]: https://crates.io/
[config file]: config.md

### `cargo config`

* Original Issue: [#2362](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/2362)
* Tracking Issue: [#9301](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9301)

The `cargo config` subcommand provides a way to display the configuration
files that cargo loads. It currently includes the `get` subcommand which
can take an optional config value to display.

```console
cargo +nightly -Zunstable-options config get build.rustflags
```

If no config value is included, it will display all config values. See the
`--help` output for more options available.

### `doctest-in-workspace`

* Tracking Issue: [#9427](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9427)

The `-Z doctest-in-workspace` flag changes the behavior of the current working
directory used when running doctests. Historically, Cargo has run `rustdoc
--test` relative to the root of the package, with paths relative from that
root. However, this is inconsistent with how `rustc` and `rustdoc` are
normally run in a workspace, where they are run relative to the workspace
root. This inconsistency causes problems in various ways, such as when passing
RUSTDOCFLAGS with relative paths, or dealing with diagnostic output.

The `-Z doctest-in-workspace` flag causes cargo to switch to running `rustdoc`
from the root of the workspace. It also passes the `--test-run-directory` to
`rustdoc` so that when *running* the tests, they are run from the root of the
package. This preserves backwards compatibility and is consistent with how
normal unittests are run.

### rustc `--print`

* Tracking Issue: [#9357](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9357)

`cargo rustc --print=VAL` forwards the `--print` flag to `rustc` in order to
extract information from `rustc`. This runs `rustc` with the corresponding
[`--print`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/command-line-arguments.html#--print-print-compiler-information)
flag, and then immediately exits without compiling. Exposing this as a cargo
flag allows cargo to inject the correct target and RUSTFLAGS based on the
current configuration.

The primary use case is to run `cargo rustc --print=cfg` to get config values
for the appropriate target and influenced by any other RUSTFLAGS.


### Different binary name

* Tracking Issue: [#9778](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9778)
* PR: [#9627](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/9627)

The `different-binary-name` feature allows setting the filename of the binary without having to obey the
restrictions placed on crate names. For example, the crate name must use only `alphanumeric` characters
or `-` or `_`, and cannot be empty.

The `filename` parameter should **not** include the binary extension, `cargo` will figure out the appropriate
extension and use that for the binary on its own.

The `filename` parameter is only available in the `[[bin]]` section of the manifest.

```toml
cargo-features = ["different-binary-name"]

[package]
name =  "foo"
version = "0.0.1"

[[bin]]
name = "foo"
filename = "007bar"
path = "src/main.rs"
```

### scrape-examples

* RFC: [#3123](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3123)
* Tracking Issue: [#9910](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/9910)

The `-Z rustdoc-scrape-examples` flag tells Rustdoc to search crates in the current workspace
for calls to functions. Those call-sites are then included as documentation. You can use the flag
like this:

```
cargo doc -Z unstable-options -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples
```

By default, Cargo will scrape from the packages that are being documented, as well as scrape from
examples for the packages (i.e. those corresponding to the `--examples` flag). You can individually
enable or disable targets from being scraped with the `doc-scrape-examples` flag, such as:

```toml
# Disable scraping examples from a library
[lib]
doc-scrape-examples = false

# Enable scraping examples from a binary
[[bin]]
name = "my-bin"
doc-scrape-examples = true
```

**Note on tests:** enabling `doc-scrape-examples` on test targets will not currently have any effect. Scraping
examples from tests is a work-in-progress.

**Note on dev-dependencies:** documenting a library does not normally require the crate's dev-dependencies. However,
example units do require dev-deps. For backwards compatibility, `-Z rustdoc-scrape-examples` will *not* introduce a 
dev-deps requirement for `cargo doc`. Therefore examples will *not* be scraped from example targets under the 
following conditions:

1. No target being documented requires dev-deps, AND
2. At least one crate being documented requires dev-deps, AND
3. The `doc-scrape-examples` parameter is unset for `[[example]]` targets.

If you want examples to be scraped from example targets, then you must not satisfy one of the above conditions.


### check-cfg

* RFC: [#3013](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3013)
* Tracking Issue: [#10554](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10554)

`-Z check-cfg` command line enables compile time checking of name and values in `#[cfg]`, `cfg!`,
`#[link]` and `#[cfg_attr]` with the `rustc` and `rustdoc` unstable `--check-cfg` command line.

It's values are:
 - `features`: enables features checking via `--check-cfg=values(feature, ...)`.
    Note than this command line options will probably become the default when stabilizing.
 - `names`: enables well known names checking via `--check-cfg=names()`.
 - `values`: enables well known values checking via `--check-cfg=values()`.
 - `output`: enable the use of `rustc-check-cfg` in build script.

For instance:

```
cargo check -Z unstable-options -Z check-cfg=features
cargo check -Z unstable-options -Z check-cfg=names
cargo check -Z unstable-options -Z check-cfg=values
cargo check -Z unstable-options -Z check-cfg=features,names,values
```

Or for `output`:

```rust,no_run
// build.rs
println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=names(foo, bar)");
```

```
cargo check -Z unstable-options -Z check-cfg=output
```

### `cargo:rustc-check-cfg=CHECK_CFG`

The `rustc-check-cfg` instruction tells Cargo to pass the given value to the
`--check-cfg` flag to the compiler. This may be used for compile-time
detection of unexpected conditional compilation name and/or values.

This can only be used in combination with `-Zcheck-cfg=output` otherwise it is ignored
with a warning.

If you want to integrate with Cargo features, use `-Zcheck-cfg=features` instead of
trying to do it manually with this option.

## Stabilized and removed features

### Compile progress

The compile-progress feature has been stabilized in the 1.30 release.
Progress bars are now enabled by default.
See [`term.progress`](config.md#termprogresswhen) for more information about
controlling this feature.

### Edition

Specifying the `edition` in `Cargo.toml` has been stabilized in the 1.31 release.
See [the edition field](manifest.md#the-edition-field) for more information
about specifying this field.

### rename-dependency

Specifying renamed dependencies in `Cargo.toml` has been stabilized in the 1.31 release.
See [renaming dependencies](specifying-dependencies.md#renaming-dependencies-in-cargotoml)
for more information about renaming dependencies.

### Alternate Registries

Support for alternate registries has been stabilized in the 1.34 release.
See the [Registries chapter](registries.md) for more information about alternate registries.

### Offline Mode

The offline feature has been stabilized in the 1.36 release.
See the [`--offline` flag](../commands/cargo.md#option-cargo---offline) for
more information on using the offline mode.

### publish-lockfile

The `publish-lockfile` feature has been removed in the 1.37 release.
The `Cargo.lock` file is always included when a package is published if the
package contains a binary target. `cargo install` requires the `--locked` flag
to use the `Cargo.lock` file.
See [`cargo package`](../commands/cargo-package.md) and
[`cargo install`](../commands/cargo-install.md) for more information.

### default-run

The `default-run` feature has been stabilized in the 1.37 release.
See [the `default-run` field](manifest.md#the-default-run-field) for more
information about specifying the default target to run.

### cache-messages

Compiler message caching has been stabilized in the 1.40 release.
Compiler warnings are now cached by default and will be replayed automatically
when re-running Cargo.

### install-upgrade

The `install-upgrade` feature has been stabilized in the 1.41 release.
[`cargo install`] will now automatically upgrade packages if they appear to be
out-of-date. See the [`cargo install`] documentation for more information.

[`cargo install`]: ../commands/cargo-install.md

### Profile Overrides

Profile overrides have been stabilized in the 1.41 release.
See [Profile Overrides](profiles.md#overrides) for more information on using
overrides.

### Config Profiles

Specifying profiles in Cargo config files and environment variables has been
stabilized in the 1.43 release.
See the [config `[profile]` table](config.md#profile) for more information
about specifying [profiles](profiles.md) in config files.

### crate-versions

The `-Z crate-versions` flag has been stabilized in the 1.47 release.
The crate version is now automatically included in the
[`cargo doc`](../commands/cargo-doc.md) documentation sidebar.

### Features

The `-Z features` flag has been stabilized in the 1.51 release.
See [feature resolver version 2](features.md#feature-resolver-version-2)
for more information on using the new feature resolver.

### package-features

The `-Z package-features` flag has been stabilized in the 1.51 release.
See the [resolver version 2 command-line flags](features.md#resolver-version-2-command-line-flags)
for more information on using the features CLI options.

### Resolver

The `resolver` feature in `Cargo.toml` has been stabilized in the 1.51 release.
See the [resolver versions](resolver.md#resolver-versions) for more
information about specifying resolvers.

### extra-link-arg

The `extra-link-arg` feature to specify additional linker arguments in build
scripts has been stabilized in the 1.56 release. See the [build script
documentation](build-scripts.md#outputs-of-the-build-script) for more
information on specifying extra linker arguments.

### configurable-env

The `configurable-env` feature to specify environment variables in Cargo
configuration has been stabilized in the 1.56 release. See the [config
documentation](config.html#env) for more information about configuring
environment variables.

### rust-version

The `rust-version` field in `Cargo.toml` has been stabilized in the 1.56 release.
See the [rust-version field](manifest.html#the-rust-version-field) for more
information on using the `rust-version` field and the `--ignore-rust-version` option.

### codegen-backend

The `codegen-backend` feature makes it possible to select the codegen backend used by rustc using a
profile.

Example:

```toml
[package]
name = "foo"

[dependencies]
serde = "1.0.117"

[profile.dev.package.foo]
codegen-backend = "cranelift"
```

### patch-in-config

The `-Z patch-in-config` flag, and the corresponding support for
`[patch]` section in Cargo configuration files has been stabilized in
the 1.56 release. See the [patch field](config.html#patch) for more
information.

### edition 2021

The 2021 edition has been stabilized in the 1.56 release.
See the [`edition` field](manifest.md#the-edition-field) for more information on setting the edition.
See [`cargo fix --edition`](../commands/cargo-fix.md) and [The Edition Guide](../../edition-guide/index.html) for more information on migrating existing projects.


### Custom named profiles

Custom named profiles have been stabilized in the 1.57 release. See the
[profiles chapter](profiles.md#custom-profiles) for more information.

### Profile `strip` option

The profile `strip` option has been stabilized in the 1.59 release. See the
[profiles chapter](profiles.md#strip) for more information.

### Future incompat report

Support for generating a future-incompat report has been stabilized
in the 1.59 release. See the [future incompat report chapter](future-incompat-report.md)
for more information.

### Namespaced features

Namespaced features has been stabilized in the 1.60 release.
See the [Features chapter](features.md#optional-dependencies) for more information.

### Weak dependency features

Weak dependency features has been stabilized in the 1.60 release.
See the [Features chapter](features.md#dependency-features) for more information.

### timings

The `-Ztimings` option has been stabilized as `--timings` in the 1.60 release.
(`--timings=html` and the machine-readable `--timings=json` output remain
unstable and require `-Zunstable-options`.)

### config-cli

The `--config` CLI option has been stabilized in the 1.63 release. See
the [config documentation](config.html#command-line-overrides) for more
information.

### multitarget

The `-Z multitarget` option has been stabilized in the 1.64 release.
See [`build.target`](config.md#buildtarget) for more information about
setting the default target platform triples.

### crate-type

The `--crate-type` flag for `cargo rustc` has been stabilized in the 1.64
release. See the [`cargo rustc` documentation](../commands/cargo-rustc.md)
for more information.


### Workspace Inheritance

Workspace Inheritance has been stabilized in the 1.64 release.
See [workspace.package](workspaces.md#the-package-table),
[workspace.dependencies](workspaces.md#the-dependencies-table),
and [inheriting-a-dependency-from-a-workspace](specifying-dependencies.md#inheriting-a-dependency-from-a-workspace)
for more information.
