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cargo/tests/testsuite/ssh.rs

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//! Network tests for SSH connections.
//!
//! Note that these tests will generally require setting CARGO_CONTAINER_TESTS
//! or CARGO_PUBLIC_NETWORK_TESTS.
//!
//! NOTE: The container tests almost certainly won't work on Windows.
use cargo_test_support::containers::{Container, ContainerHandle, MkFile};
use cargo_test_support::{paths, process, project, Project};
use std::fs;
use std::io::Write;
use std::path::PathBuf;
fn ssh_repo_url(container: &ContainerHandle, name: &str) -> String {
let port = container.port_mappings[&22];
format!("ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:{port}/repos/{name}.git")
}
/// The path to the client's private key.
fn key_path() -> PathBuf {
paths::home().join(".ssh/id_ed25519")
}
/// Generates the SSH keys for authenticating into the container.
fn gen_ssh_keys() -> String {
let path = key_path();
process("ssh-keygen")
.args(&["-t", "ed25519", "-N", "", "-f"])
.arg(&path)
.exec_with_output()
.unwrap();
let pub_key = path.with_extension("pub");
fs::read_to_string(pub_key).unwrap()
}
/// Handler for running ssh-agent for SSH authentication.
///
/// Be sure to set `SSH_AUTH_SOCK` when running a process in order to use the
/// agent. Keys will need to be copied into the container with the
/// `authorized_keys()` method.
struct Agent {
sock: PathBuf,
pid: String,
ssh_dir: PathBuf,
pub_key: String,
}
impl Agent {
fn launch() -> Agent {
let ssh_dir = paths::home().join(".ssh");
fs::create_dir(&ssh_dir).unwrap();
let pub_key = gen_ssh_keys();
let sock = paths::root().join("agent");
let output = process("ssh-agent")
.args(&["-s", "-a"])
.arg(&sock)
.exec_with_output()
.unwrap();
let stdout = std::str::from_utf8(&output.stdout).unwrap();
let start = stdout.find("SSH_AGENT_PID=").unwrap() + 14;
let end = &stdout[start..].find(';').unwrap();
let pid = (&stdout[start..start + end]).to_string();
eprintln!("SSH_AGENT_PID={pid}");
process("ssh-add")
.arg(key_path())
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &sock)
.exec_with_output()
.unwrap();
Agent {
sock,
pid,
ssh_dir,
pub_key,
}
}
/// Returns a `MkFile` which can be passed into the `Container` builder to
/// copy an `authorized_keys` file containing this agent's public key.
fn authorized_keys(&self) -> MkFile {
MkFile::path("home/testuser/.ssh/authorized_keys")
.contents(self.pub_key.as_bytes())
.mode(0o600)
.uid(100)
.gid(101)
}
}
impl Drop for Agent {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if let Err(e) = process("ssh-agent")
.args(&["-k", "-a"])
.arg(&self.sock)
.env("SSH_AGENT_PID", &self.pid)
.exec_with_output()
{
eprintln!("failed to stop ssh-agent: {e:?}");
}
}
}
/// Common project used for several tests.
fn foo_bar_project(url: &str) -> Project {
project()
.file(
"Cargo.toml",
&format!(
r#"
[package]
name = "foo"
version = "0.1.0"
[dependencies]
bar = {{ git = "{url}" }}
"#
),
)
.file("src/lib.rs", "")
.build()
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn no_known_host() {
// When host is not known, it should show an error.
let sshd = Container::new("sshd").launch();
let url = ssh_repo_url(&sshd, "bar");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
p.cargo("fetch")
.with_status(101)
.with_stderr(
"\
[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git`
error: failed to get `bar` as a dependency of package `foo v0.1.0 ([ROOT]/foo)`
Caused by:
failed to load source for dependency `bar`
Caused by:
Unable to update ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git
Caused by:
failed to clone into: [ROOT]/home/.cargo/git/db/bar-[..]
Caused by:
error: unknown SSH host key
The SSH host key for `[127.0.0.1]:[..]` is not known and cannot be validated.
To resolve this issue, add the host key to the `net.ssh.known-hosts` array in \
your Cargo configuration (such as [ROOT]/home/.cargo/config.toml) or in your \
OpenSSH known_hosts file at [ROOT]/home/.ssh/known_hosts
The key to add is:
[127.0.0.1]:[..] ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAA[..]
The ECDSA key fingerprint is: SHA256:[..]
This fingerprint should be validated with the server administrator that it is correct.
See https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/appendix/git-authentication.html#ssh-known-hosts \
for more information.
",
)
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn known_host_works() {
// The key displayed in the error message should work when added to known_hosts.
let agent = Agent::launch();
let sshd = Container::new("sshd")
.file(agent.authorized_keys())
.launch();
let url = ssh_repo_url(&sshd, "bar");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
let output = p
.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.build_command()
.output()
.unwrap();
let stderr = std::str::from_utf8(&output.stderr).unwrap();
// Validate the fingerprint while we're here.
let fingerprint = stderr
.lines()
.find(|line| line.starts_with(" The ECDSA key fingerprint"))
.unwrap()
.trim();
let fingerprint = &fingerprint[30..];
let finger_out = sshd.exec(&["ssh-keygen", "-l", "-f", "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub"]);
let gen_finger = std::str::from_utf8(&finger_out.stdout).unwrap();
// <key-size> <fingerprint> <comments…>
let gen_finger = gen_finger.split_whitespace().nth(1).unwrap();
assert_eq!(fingerprint, gen_finger);
// Add the key to known_hosts, and try again.
let key = stderr
.lines()
.find(|line| line.starts_with(" [127.0.0.1]:"))
.unwrap()
.trim();
fs::write(agent.ssh_dir.join("known_hosts"), key).unwrap();
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.with_stderr("[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git`")
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn same_key_different_hostname() {
// The error message should mention if an identical key was found.
let agent = Agent::launch();
let sshd = Container::new("sshd").launch();
let hostkey = sshd.read_file("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub");
let known_hosts = format!("example.com {hostkey}");
fs::write(agent.ssh_dir.join("known_hosts"), known_hosts).unwrap();
let url = ssh_repo_url(&sshd, "bar");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
p.cargo("fetch")
.with_status(101)
.with_stderr(
"\
[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git`
error: failed to get `bar` as a dependency of package `foo v0.1.0 ([ROOT]/foo)`
Caused by:
failed to load source for dependency `bar`
Caused by:
Unable to update ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git
Caused by:
failed to clone into: [ROOT]/home/.cargo/git/db/bar-[..]
Caused by:
error: unknown SSH host key
The SSH host key for `[127.0.0.1]:[..]` is not known and cannot be validated.
To resolve this issue, add the host key to the `net.ssh.known-hosts` array in \
your Cargo configuration (such as [ROOT]/home/.cargo/config.toml) or in your \
OpenSSH known_hosts file at [ROOT]/home/.ssh/known_hosts
The key to add is:
[127.0.0.1]:[..] ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAA[..]
The ECDSA key fingerprint is: SHA256:[..]
This fingerprint should be validated with the server administrator that it is correct.
Note: This host key was found, but is associated with a different host:
[ROOT]/home/.ssh/known_hosts line 1: example.com
See https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/appendix/git-authentication.html#ssh-known-hosts \
for more information.
",
)
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn known_host_without_port() {
// A known_host entry without a port should match a connection to a non-standard port.
let agent = Agent::launch();
let sshd = Container::new("sshd")
.file(agent.authorized_keys())
.launch();
let hostkey = sshd.read_file("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub");
// The important part of this test is that this line does not have a port.
let known_hosts = format!("127.0.0.1 {hostkey}");
fs::write(agent.ssh_dir.join("known_hosts"), known_hosts).unwrap();
let url = ssh_repo_url(&sshd, "bar");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.with_stderr("[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git`")
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn hostname_case_insensitive() {
// hostname checking should be case-insensitive.
let agent = Agent::launch();
let sshd = Container::new("sshd")
.file(agent.authorized_keys())
.launch();
// Consider using `gethostname-rs` instead?
let hostname = process("hostname").exec_with_output().unwrap();
let hostname = std::str::from_utf8(&hostname.stdout).unwrap().trim();
let inv_hostname = if hostname.chars().any(|c| c.is_lowercase()) {
hostname.to_uppercase()
} else {
// There should be *some* chars in the name.
assert!(hostname.chars().any(|c| c.is_uppercase()));
hostname.to_lowercase()
};
eprintln!("converted {hostname} to {inv_hostname}");
let hostkey = sshd.read_file("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub");
let known_hosts = format!("{inv_hostname} {hostkey}");
fs::write(agent.ssh_dir.join("known_hosts"), known_hosts).unwrap();
let port = sshd.port_mappings[&22];
let url = format!("ssh://testuser@{hostname}:{port}/repos/bar.git");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.with_stderr(&format!(
"[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@{hostname}:{port}/repos/bar.git`"
))
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn invalid_key_error() {
// An error when a known_host value doesn't match.
let agent = Agent::launch();
let sshd = Container::new("sshd")
.file(agent.authorized_keys())
.launch();
let port = sshd.port_mappings[&22];
let known_hosts = format!(
"[127.0.0.1]:{port} ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBLqLMclVr7MDuaVsm3sEnnq2OrGxTFiHSw90wd6N14BU8xVC9cZldC3rJ58Wmw6bEVKPjk7foNG0lHwS5bCKX+U=\n"
);
fs::write(agent.ssh_dir.join("known_hosts"), known_hosts).unwrap();
let url = ssh_repo_url(&sshd, "bar");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.with_status(101)
.with_stderr(&format!("\
[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:{port}/repos/bar.git`
error: failed to get `bar` as a dependency of package `foo v0.1.0 ([ROOT]/foo)`
Caused by:
failed to load source for dependency `bar`
Caused by:
Unable to update ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:{port}/repos/bar.git
Caused by:
failed to clone into: [ROOT]/home/.cargo/git/db/bar-[..]
Caused by:
error: SSH host key has changed for `[127.0.0.1]:{port}`
*********************************
* WARNING: HOST KEY HAS CHANGED *
*********************************
This may be caused by a man-in-the-middle attack, or the server may have changed its host key.
The ECDSA fingerprint for the key from the remote host is:
SHA256:[..]
You are strongly encouraged to contact the server administrator for `[127.0.0.1]:{port}` \
to verify that this new key is correct.
If you can verify that the server has a new key, you can resolve this error by \
removing the old ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 key for `[127.0.0.1]:{port}` located at \
[ROOT]/home/.ssh/known_hosts line 1, and adding the new key to the \
`net.ssh.known-hosts` array in your Cargo configuration (such as \
[ROOT]/home/.cargo/config.toml) or in your OpenSSH known_hosts file at \
[ROOT]/home/.ssh/known_hosts
The key provided by the remote host is:
[127.0.0.1]:{port} ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 [..]
See https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/appendix/git-authentication.html#ssh-known-hosts for more information.
"))
.run();
// Add the key, it should work even with the old key left behind.
let hostkey = sshd.read_file("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub");
let known_hosts_path = agent.ssh_dir.join("known_hosts");
let mut f = fs::OpenOptions::new()
.append(true)
.open(known_hosts_path)
.unwrap();
write!(f, "[127.0.0.1]:{port} {hostkey}").unwrap();
drop(f);
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.with_stderr("[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git`")
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(public_network_test)]
fn invalid_github_key() {
// A key for github.com in known_hosts should override the built-in key.
// This uses a bogus key which should result in an error.
let ssh_dir = paths::home().join(".ssh");
fs::create_dir(&ssh_dir).unwrap();
let known_hosts = "\
github.com ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBLqLMclVr7MDuaVsm3sEnnq2OrGxTFiHSw90wd6N14BU8xVC9cZldC3rJ58Wmw6bEVKPjk7foNG0lHwS5bCKX+U=\n\
github.com ssh-rsa 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\n\
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIEeMB6BUAW6FfvfLxRO3kGASe0yXnrRT4kpqncsup2b2\n";
fs::write(ssh_dir.join("known_hosts"), known_hosts).unwrap();
let p = project()
.file(
"Cargo.toml",
r#"
[package]
name = "foo"
version = "0.1.0"
[dependencies]
bitflags = { git = "ssh://git@github.com/rust-lang/bitflags.git", tag = "1.3.2" }
"#,
)
.file("src/lib.rs", "")
.build();
p.cargo("fetch")
.with_status(101)
.with_stderr_contains(" error: SSH host key has changed for `github.com`")
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(public_network_test)]
fn bundled_github_works() {
// The bundled key for github.com works.
//
// Use a bogus auth sock to force an authentication error.
// On Windows, if the agent service is running, it could allow a
// successful authentication.
//
// If the bundled hostkey did not work, it would result in an "unknown SSH
// host key" instead.
let bogus_auth_sock = paths::home().join("ssh_auth_sock");
let p = project()
.file(
"Cargo.toml",
r#"
[package]
name = "foo"
version = "0.1.0"
[dependencies]
bitflags = { git = "ssh://git@github.com/rust-lang/bitflags.git", tag = "1.3.2" }
"#,
)
.file("src/lib.rs", "")
.build();
let err = if cfg!(windows) {
"error authenticating: unable to connect to agent pipe; class=Ssh (23)"
} else {
"error authenticating: failed connecting with agent; class=Ssh (23)"
};
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &bogus_auth_sock)
.with_status(101)
.with_stderr(&format!(
"\
[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://git@github.com/rust-lang/bitflags.git`
error: failed to get `bitflags` as a dependency of package `foo v0.1.0 ([ROOT]/foo)`
Caused by:
failed to load source for dependency `bitflags`
Caused by:
Unable to update ssh://git@github.com/rust-lang/bitflags.git?tag=1.3.2
Caused by:
failed to clone into: [ROOT]/home/.cargo/git/db/bitflags-[..]
Caused by:
failed to authenticate when downloading repository
* attempted ssh-agent authentication, but no usernames succeeded: `git`
if the git CLI succeeds then `net.git-fetch-with-cli` may help here
https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#netgit-fetch-with-cli
Caused by:
{err}
"
))
.run();
// Explicit :22 should also work with bundled.
p.change_file(
"Cargo.toml",
r#"
[package]
name = "foo"
version = "0.1.0"
[dependencies]
bitflags = { git = "ssh://git@github.com:22/rust-lang/bitflags.git", tag = "1.3.2" }
"#,
);
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &bogus_auth_sock)
.with_status(101)
.with_stderr(&format!(
"\
[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://git@github.com:22/rust-lang/bitflags.git`
error: failed to get `bitflags` as a dependency of package `foo v0.1.0 ([ROOT]/foo)`
Caused by:
failed to load source for dependency `bitflags`
Caused by:
Unable to update ssh://git@github.com:22/rust-lang/bitflags.git?tag=1.3.2
Caused by:
failed to clone into: [ROOT]/home/.cargo/git/db/bitflags-[..]
Caused by:
failed to authenticate when downloading repository
* attempted ssh-agent authentication, but no usernames succeeded: `git`
if the git CLI succeeds then `net.git-fetch-with-cli` may help here
https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#netgit-fetch-with-cli
Caused by:
{err}
"
))
.run();
}
#[cargo_test(container_test)]
fn ssh_key_in_config() {
// known_host in config works.
let agent = Agent::launch();
let sshd = Container::new("sshd")
.file(agent.authorized_keys())
.launch();
let hostkey = sshd.read_file("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub");
let url = ssh_repo_url(&sshd, "bar");
let p = foo_bar_project(&url);
p.change_file(
".cargo/config.toml",
&format!(
r#"
[net.ssh]
known-hosts = ['127.0.0.1 {}']
"#,
hostkey.trim()
),
);
p.cargo("fetch")
.env("SSH_AUTH_SOCK", &agent.sock)
.with_stderr("[UPDATING] git repository `ssh://testuser@127.0.0.1:[..]/repos/bar.git`")
.run();
}
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