mirror of https://github.com/smol-rs/fastrand
697 lines
20 KiB
Rust
697 lines
20 KiB
Rust
//! A simple and fast random number generator.
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//!
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//! The implementation uses [Wyrand](https://github.com/wangyi-fudan/wyhash), a simple and fast
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//! generator but **not** cryptographically secure.
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//!
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//! # Examples
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//!
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//! Flip a coin:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! if fastrand::bool() {
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//! println!("heads");
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//! } else {
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//! println!("tails");
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//! }
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Generate a random `i32`:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! let num = fastrand::i32(..);
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Choose a random element in an array:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! let v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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//! let i = fastrand::usize(..v.len());
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//! let elem = v[i];
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Sample values from an array with `O(n)` complexity (`n` is the length of array):
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//!
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//! ```
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//! fastrand::choose_multiple(vec![1, 4, 5].iter(), 2);
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//! fastrand::choose_multiple(0..20, 12);
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//! ```
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//!
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//!
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//! Shuffle an array:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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//! fastrand::shuffle(&mut v);
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Generate a random [`Vec`] or [`String`]:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! use std::iter::repeat_with;
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//!
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//! let v: Vec<i32> = repeat_with(|| fastrand::i32(..)).take(10).collect();
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//! let s: String = repeat_with(fastrand::alphanumeric).take(10).collect();
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//! ```
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//!
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//! To get reproducible results on every run, initialize the generator with a seed:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! // Pick an arbitrary number as seed.
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//! fastrand::seed(7);
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//!
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//! // Now this prints the same number on every run:
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//! println!("{}", fastrand::u32(..));
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//! ```
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//!
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//! To be more efficient, create a new [`Rng`] instance instead of using the thread-local
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//! generator:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! use std::iter::repeat_with;
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//!
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//! let mut rng = fastrand::Rng::new();
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//! let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = repeat_with(|| rng.u8(..)).take(10_000).collect();
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//! ```
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//!
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//! This crate aims to expose a core set of useful randomness primitives. For more niche algorithms,
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//! consider using the [`fastrand-contrib`] crate alongside this one.
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//!
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//! # Features
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//!
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//! - `std` (enabled by default): Enables the `std` library. This is required for the global
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//! generator and global entropy. Without this feature, [`Rng`] can only be instantiated using
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//! the [`with_seed`](Rng::with_seed) method.
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//! - `js`: Assumes that WebAssembly targets are being run in a JavaScript environment. See the
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//! [WebAssembly Notes](#webassembly-notes) section for more information.
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//!
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//! # WebAssembly Notes
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//!
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//! For non-WASI WASM targets, there is additional sublety to consider when utilizing the global RNG.
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//! By default, `std` targets will use entropy sources in the standard library to seed the global RNG.
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//! However, these sources are not available by default on WASM targets outside of WASI.
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//!
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//! If the `js` feature is enabled, this crate will assume that it is running in a JavaScript
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//! environment. At this point, the [`getrandom`] crate will be used in order to access the available
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//! entropy sources and seed the global RNG. If the `js` feature is not enabled, the global RNG will
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//! use a predefined seed.
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//!
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//! [`fastrand-contrib`]: https://crates.io/crates/fastrand-contrib
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//! [`getrandom`]: https://crates.io/crates/getrandom
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#![no_std]
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#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
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#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
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#![warn(missing_docs, missing_debug_implementations, rust_2018_idioms)]
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#![doc(
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html_favicon_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smol-rs/smol/master/assets/images/logo_fullsize_transparent.png"
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)]
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#![doc(
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html_logo_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smol-rs/smol/master/assets/images/logo_fullsize_transparent.png"
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)]
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#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
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extern crate alloc;
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#[cfg(feature = "std")]
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extern crate std;
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use core::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
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use core::ops::{Bound, RangeBounds};
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#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
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use alloc::vec::Vec;
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#[cfg(feature = "std")]
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#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
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mod global_rng;
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#[cfg(feature = "std")]
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pub use global_rng::*;
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/// A random number generator.
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#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
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pub struct Rng(u64);
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impl Clone for Rng {
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/// Clones the generator by creating a new generator with the same seed.
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fn clone(&self) -> Rng {
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Rng::with_seed(self.0)
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}
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}
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impl Rng {
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/// Generates a random `u32`.
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#[inline]
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fn gen_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
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self.gen_u64() as u32
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}
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/// Generates a random `u64`.
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#[inline]
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fn gen_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
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// Constants for WyRand taken from: https://github.com/wangyi-fudan/wyhash/blob/master/wyhash.h#L151
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// Updated for the final v4.2 implementation with improved constants for better entropy output.
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const WY_CONST_0: u64 = 0x2d35_8dcc_aa6c_78a5;
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const WY_CONST_1: u64 = 0x8bb8_4b93_962e_acc9;
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let s = self.0.wrapping_add(WY_CONST_0);
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self.0 = s;
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let t = u128::from(s) * u128::from(s ^ WY_CONST_1);
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(t as u64) ^ (t >> 64) as u64
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}
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/// Generates a random `u128`.
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#[inline]
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fn gen_u128(&mut self) -> u128 {
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(u128::from(self.gen_u64()) << 64) | u128::from(self.gen_u64())
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}
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/// Generates a random `u32` in `0..n`.
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#[inline]
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fn gen_mod_u32(&mut self, n: u32) -> u32 {
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// Adapted from: https://lemire.me/blog/2016/06/30/fast-random-shuffling/
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let mut r = self.gen_u32();
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let mut hi = mul_high_u32(r, n);
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let mut lo = r.wrapping_mul(n);
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if lo < n {
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let t = n.wrapping_neg() % n;
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while lo < t {
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r = self.gen_u32();
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hi = mul_high_u32(r, n);
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lo = r.wrapping_mul(n);
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}
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}
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hi
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}
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/// Generates a random `u64` in `0..n`.
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#[inline]
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fn gen_mod_u64(&mut self, n: u64) -> u64 {
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// Adapted from: https://lemire.me/blog/2016/06/30/fast-random-shuffling/
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let mut r = self.gen_u64();
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let mut hi = mul_high_u64(r, n);
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let mut lo = r.wrapping_mul(n);
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if lo < n {
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let t = n.wrapping_neg() % n;
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while lo < t {
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r = self.gen_u64();
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hi = mul_high_u64(r, n);
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lo = r.wrapping_mul(n);
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}
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}
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hi
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}
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/// Generates a random `u128` in `0..n`.
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#[inline]
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fn gen_mod_u128(&mut self, n: u128) -> u128 {
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// Adapted from: https://lemire.me/blog/2016/06/30/fast-random-shuffling/
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let mut r = self.gen_u128();
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let mut hi = mul_high_u128(r, n);
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let mut lo = r.wrapping_mul(n);
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if lo < n {
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let t = n.wrapping_neg() % n;
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while lo < t {
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r = self.gen_u128();
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hi = mul_high_u128(r, n);
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lo = r.wrapping_mul(n);
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}
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}
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hi
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}
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}
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/// Computes `(a * b) >> 32`.
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#[inline]
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fn mul_high_u32(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
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(((a as u64) * (b as u64)) >> 32) as u32
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}
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/// Computes `(a * b) >> 64`.
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#[inline]
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fn mul_high_u64(a: u64, b: u64) -> u64 {
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(((a as u128) * (b as u128)) >> 64) as u64
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}
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/// Computes `(a * b) >> 128`.
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#[inline]
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fn mul_high_u128(a: u128, b: u128) -> u128 {
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// Adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/28904636
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let a_lo = a as u64 as u128;
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let a_hi = (a >> 64) as u64 as u128;
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let b_lo = b as u64 as u128;
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let b_hi = (b >> 64) as u64 as u128;
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let carry = (a_lo * b_lo) >> 64;
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let carry = ((a_hi * b_lo) as u64 as u128 + (a_lo * b_hi) as u64 as u128 + carry) >> 64;
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a_hi * b_hi + ((a_hi * b_lo) >> 64) + ((a_lo * b_hi) >> 64) + carry
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}
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macro_rules! rng_integer {
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($t:tt, $unsigned_t:tt, $gen:tt, $mod:tt, $doc:tt) => {
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#[doc = $doc]
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///
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/// Panics if the range is empty.
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#[inline]
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pub fn $t(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<$t>) -> $t {
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let panic_empty_range = || {
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panic!(
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"empty range: {:?}..{:?}",
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range.start_bound(),
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range.end_bound()
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)
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};
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let low = match range.start_bound() {
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Bound::Unbounded => core::$t::MIN,
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Bound::Included(&x) => x,
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Bound::Excluded(&x) => x.checked_add(1).unwrap_or_else(panic_empty_range),
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};
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let high = match range.end_bound() {
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Bound::Unbounded => core::$t::MAX,
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Bound::Included(&x) => x,
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Bound::Excluded(&x) => x.checked_sub(1).unwrap_or_else(panic_empty_range),
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};
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if low > high {
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panic_empty_range();
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}
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if low == core::$t::MIN && high == core::$t::MAX {
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self.$gen() as $t
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} else {
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let len = high.wrapping_sub(low).wrapping_add(1);
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low.wrapping_add(self.$mod(len as $unsigned_t as _) as $t)
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}
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}
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};
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}
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impl Rng {
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/// Creates a new random number generator with the initial seed.
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#[inline]
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#[must_use = "this creates a new instance of `Rng`; if you want to initialize the thread-local generator, use `fastrand::seed()` instead"]
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pub fn with_seed(seed: u64) -> Self {
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Rng(seed)
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}
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/// Clones the generator by deterministically deriving a new generator based on the initial
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/// seed.
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///
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/// This function can be used to create a new generator that is a "spinoff" of the old
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/// generator. The new generator will not produce the same sequence of values as the
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/// old generator.
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///
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/// # Example
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///
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/// ```
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/// // Seed two generators equally, and clone both of them.
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/// let mut base1 = fastrand::Rng::with_seed(0x4d595df4d0f33173);
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/// base1.bool(); // Use the generator once.
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///
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/// let mut base2 = fastrand::Rng::with_seed(0x4d595df4d0f33173);
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/// base2.bool(); // Use the generator once.
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///
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/// let mut rng1 = base1.fork();
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/// let mut rng2 = base2.fork();
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///
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/// println!("rng1 returns {}", rng1.u32(..));
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/// println!("rng2 returns {}", rng2.u32(..));
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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#[must_use = "this creates a new instance of `Rng`"]
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pub fn fork(&mut self) -> Self {
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Rng::with_seed(self.gen_u64())
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}
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/// Generates a random `char` in ranges a-z and A-Z.
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#[inline]
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pub fn alphabetic(&mut self) -> char {
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const CHARS: &[u8] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
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*self.choice(CHARS).unwrap() as char
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}
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/// Generates a random `char` in ranges a-z, A-Z and 0-9.
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#[inline]
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pub fn alphanumeric(&mut self) -> char {
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const CHARS: &[u8] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
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*self.choice(CHARS).unwrap() as char
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}
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/// Generates a random `bool`.
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#[inline]
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pub fn bool(&mut self) -> bool {
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self.u8(..) % 2 == 0
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}
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/// Generates a random digit in the given `base`.
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///
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/// Digits are represented by `char`s in ranges 0-9 and a-z.
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///
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/// Panics if the base is zero or greater than 36.
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#[inline]
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pub fn digit(&mut self, base: u32) -> char {
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if base == 0 {
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panic!("base cannot be zero");
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}
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if base > 36 {
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panic!("base cannot be larger than 36");
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}
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let num = self.u8(..base as u8);
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if num < 10 {
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(b'0' + num) as char
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} else {
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(b'a' + num - 10) as char
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}
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}
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/// Generates a random `f32` in range `0..1`.
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pub fn f32(&mut self) -> f32 {
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let b = 32;
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let f = core::f32::MANTISSA_DIGITS - 1;
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f32::from_bits((1 << (b - 2)) - (1 << f) + (self.u32(..) >> (b - f))) - 1.0
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}
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/// Generates a random `f64` in range `0..1`.
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pub fn f64(&mut self) -> f64 {
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let b = 64;
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let f = core::f64::MANTISSA_DIGITS - 1;
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f64::from_bits((1 << (b - 2)) - (1 << f) + (self.u64(..) >> (b - f))) - 1.0
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}
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/// Collects `amount` values at random from the iterator into a vector.
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///
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/// The length of the returned vector equals `amount` unless the iterator
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/// contains insufficient elements, in which case it equals the number of
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/// elements available.
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///
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/// Complexity is `O(n)` where `n` is the length of the iterator.
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#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
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#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
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pub fn choose_multiple<T: Iterator>(&mut self, mut source: T, amount: usize) -> Vec<T::Item> {
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// Adapted from: https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/seq/trait.IteratorRandom.html#method.choose_multiple
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let mut reservoir = Vec::with_capacity(amount);
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reservoir.extend(source.by_ref().take(amount));
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// Continue unless the iterator was exhausted
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//
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// note: this prevents iterators that "restart" from causing problems.
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// If the iterator stops once, then so do we.
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if reservoir.len() == amount {
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for (i, elem) in source.enumerate() {
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let end = i + 1 + amount;
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let k = self.usize(0..end);
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if let Some(slot) = reservoir.get_mut(k) {
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*slot = elem;
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}
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}
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} else {
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// If less than one third of the `Vec` was used, reallocate
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// so that the unused space is not wasted. There is a corner
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// case where `amount` was much less than `self.len()`.
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if reservoir.capacity() > 3 * reservoir.len() {
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reservoir.shrink_to_fit();
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}
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}
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reservoir
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}
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rng_integer!(
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i8,
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u8,
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gen_u32,
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gen_mod_u32,
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"Generates a random `i8` in the given range."
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);
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rng_integer!(
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i16,
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u16,
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gen_u32,
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gen_mod_u32,
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|
"Generates a random `i16` in the given range."
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);
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rng_integer!(
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i32,
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u32,
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gen_u32,
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gen_mod_u32,
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|
"Generates a random `i32` in the given range."
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);
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rng_integer!(
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i64,
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u64,
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gen_u64,
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gen_mod_u64,
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"Generates a random `i64` in the given range."
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);
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rng_integer!(
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i128,
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u128,
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gen_u128,
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gen_mod_u128,
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|
"Generates a random `i128` in the given range."
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);
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#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "16")]
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rng_integer!(
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isize,
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usize,
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gen_u32,
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gen_mod_u32,
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|
"Generates a random `isize` in the given range."
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);
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#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
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|
rng_integer!(
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isize,
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usize,
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|
gen_u32,
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|
gen_mod_u32,
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|
"Generates a random `isize` in the given range."
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);
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#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
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|
rng_integer!(
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isize,
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usize,
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gen_u64,
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gen_mod_u64,
|
|
"Generates a random `isize` in the given range."
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);
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/// Generates a random `char` in range a-z.
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|
#[inline]
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pub fn lowercase(&mut self) -> char {
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const CHARS: &[u8] = b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
|
|
*self.choice(CHARS).unwrap() as char
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Initializes this generator with the given seed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn seed(&mut self, seed: u64) {
|
|
self.0 = seed;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Gives back **current** seed that is being held by this generator.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn get_seed(&self) -> u64 {
|
|
self.0
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Choose an item from an iterator at random.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This function may have an unexpected result if the `len()` property of the
|
|
/// iterator does not match the actual number of items in the iterator. If
|
|
/// the iterator is empty, this returns `None`.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn choice<I>(&mut self, iter: I) -> Option<I::Item>
|
|
where
|
|
I: IntoIterator,
|
|
I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
|
|
{
|
|
let mut iter = iter.into_iter();
|
|
|
|
// Get the item at a random index.
|
|
let len = iter.len();
|
|
if len == 0 {
|
|
return None;
|
|
}
|
|
let index = self.usize(0..len);
|
|
|
|
iter.nth(index)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Shuffles a slice randomly.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn shuffle<T>(&mut self, slice: &mut [T]) {
|
|
for i in 1..slice.len() {
|
|
slice.swap(i, self.usize(..=i));
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Fill a byte slice with random data.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn fill(&mut self, slice: &mut [u8]) {
|
|
// We fill the slice by chunks of 8 bytes, or one block of
|
|
// WyRand output per new state.
|
|
let mut chunks = slice.chunks_exact_mut(core::mem::size_of::<u64>());
|
|
for chunk in chunks.by_ref() {
|
|
let n = self.gen_u64().to_ne_bytes();
|
|
// Safe because the chunks are always 8 bytes exactly.
|
|
chunk.copy_from_slice(&n);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let remainder = chunks.into_remainder();
|
|
|
|
// Any remainder will always be less than 8 bytes.
|
|
if !remainder.is_empty() {
|
|
// Generate one last block of 8 bytes of entropy
|
|
let n = self.gen_u64().to_ne_bytes();
|
|
|
|
// Use the remaining length to copy from block
|
|
remainder.copy_from_slice(&n[..remainder.len()]);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
u8,
|
|
u8,
|
|
gen_u32,
|
|
gen_mod_u32,
|
|
"Generates a random `u8` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
u16,
|
|
u16,
|
|
gen_u32,
|
|
gen_mod_u32,
|
|
"Generates a random `u16` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
u32,
|
|
u32,
|
|
gen_u32,
|
|
gen_mod_u32,
|
|
"Generates a random `u32` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
u64,
|
|
u64,
|
|
gen_u64,
|
|
gen_mod_u64,
|
|
"Generates a random `u64` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
u128,
|
|
u128,
|
|
gen_u128,
|
|
gen_mod_u128,
|
|
"Generates a random `u128` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "16")]
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
usize,
|
|
usize,
|
|
gen_u32,
|
|
gen_mod_u32,
|
|
"Generates a random `usize` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
usize,
|
|
usize,
|
|
gen_u32,
|
|
gen_mod_u32,
|
|
"Generates a random `usize` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
usize,
|
|
usize,
|
|
gen_u64,
|
|
gen_mod_u64,
|
|
"Generates a random `usize` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "128")]
|
|
rng_integer!(
|
|
usize,
|
|
usize,
|
|
gen_u128,
|
|
gen_mod_u128,
|
|
"Generates a random `usize` in the given range."
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/// Generates a random `char` in range A-Z.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn uppercase(&mut self) -> char {
|
|
const CHARS: &[u8] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
|
|
*self.choice(CHARS).unwrap() as char
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Generates a random `char` in the given range.
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the range is empty.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn char(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<char>) -> char {
|
|
let panic_empty_range = || {
|
|
panic!(
|
|
"empty range: {:?}..{:?}",
|
|
range.start_bound(),
|
|
range.end_bound()
|
|
)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
let surrogate_start = 0xd800u32;
|
|
let surrogate_len = 0x800u32;
|
|
|
|
let low = match range.start_bound() {
|
|
Bound::Unbounded => 0u8 as char,
|
|
Bound::Included(&x) => x,
|
|
Bound::Excluded(&x) => {
|
|
let scalar = if x as u32 == surrogate_start - 1 {
|
|
surrogate_start + surrogate_len
|
|
} else {
|
|
x as u32 + 1
|
|
};
|
|
char::try_from(scalar).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic_empty_range())
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
let high = match range.end_bound() {
|
|
Bound::Unbounded => core::char::MAX,
|
|
Bound::Included(&x) => x,
|
|
Bound::Excluded(&x) => {
|
|
let scalar = if x as u32 == surrogate_start + surrogate_len {
|
|
surrogate_start - 1
|
|
} else {
|
|
(x as u32).wrapping_sub(1)
|
|
};
|
|
char::try_from(scalar).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic_empty_range())
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
if low > high {
|
|
panic_empty_range();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let gap = if (low as u32) < surrogate_start && (high as u32) >= surrogate_start {
|
|
surrogate_len
|
|
} else {
|
|
0
|
|
};
|
|
let range = high as u32 - low as u32 - gap;
|
|
let mut val = self.u32(0..=range) + low as u32;
|
|
if val >= surrogate_start {
|
|
val += gap;
|
|
}
|
|
val.try_into().unwrap()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|