feat: Add a pipe-based notifier to epoll

In some containers, eventfd is not available as it cannot be implemented
securely in some hosts. This commit adds a fallback notifier that uses
a pipe instead of eventfd.

Closes #122

Signed-off-by: John Nunley <dev@notgull.net>

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -55,6 +55,12 @@ jobs:
           # the backend that uses poll, and is not a public API.
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cfg polling_test_poll_backend
         if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
+      - run: cargo test
+        env:
+          # Note: This cfg is intended to make it easy for polling developers to test
+          # the backend that uses pipes, and is not a public API.
+          RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cfg polling_test_epoll_pipe
+        if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
       - run: cargo hack build --feature-powerset --no-dev-deps
       - name: Add rust-src
         if: startsWith(matrix.rust, 'nightly')

src/epoll.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use rustix::event::{epoll, eventfd, EventfdFlags};
 use rustix::fd::OwnedFd;
-use rustix::io::{read, write};
+use rustix::fs::{fcntl_getfl, fcntl_setfl, OFlags};
+use rustix::io::{fcntl_getfd, fcntl_setfd, read, write, FdFlags};
+use rustix::pipe::{pipe, pipe_with, PipeFlags};
 use rustix::time::{
     timerfd_create, timerfd_settime, Itimerspec, TimerfdClockId, TimerfdFlags, TimerfdTimerFlags,
     Timespec,
@@ -20,8 +22,10 @@ use crate::{Event, PollMode};
 pub struct Poller {
     /// File descriptor for the epoll instance.
     epoll_fd: OwnedFd,
-    /// File descriptor for the eventfd that produces notifications.
-    event_fd: OwnedFd,
+
+    /// Notifier used to wake up epoll.
+    notifier: Notifier,
+
     /// File descriptor for the timerfd that produces timeouts.
     timer_fd: Option<OwnedFd>,
 }
@@ -34,8 +38,8 @@ impl Poller {
         // Use `epoll_create1` with `EPOLL_CLOEXEC`.
         let epoll_fd = epoll::create(epoll::CreateFlags::CLOEXEC)?;
 
-        // Set up eventfd and timerfd.
-        let event_fd = eventfd(0, EventfdFlags::CLOEXEC | EventfdFlags::NONBLOCK)?;
+        // Set up notifier and timerfd.
+        let notifier = Notifier::new()?;
         let timer_fd = timerfd_create(
             TimerfdClockId::Monotonic,
             TimerfdFlags::CLOEXEC | TimerfdFlags::NONBLOCK,
@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ impl Poller {
 
         let poller = Poller {
             epoll_fd,
-            event_fd,
+            notifier,
             timer_fd,
         };
 
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ impl Poller {
             }
 
             poller.add(
-                poller.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+                poller.notifier.as_fd().as_raw_fd(),
                 Event::readable(crate::NOTIFY_KEY),
                 PollMode::Oneshot,
             )?;
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ impl Poller {
 
         tracing::trace!(
             epoll_fd = ?poller.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
-            event_fd = ?poller.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+            notifier = ?poller.notifier,
             timer_fd = ?poller.timer_fd,
             "new",
         );
@@ -201,10 +205,9 @@ impl Poller {
         );
 
         // Clear the notification (if received) and re-register interest in it.
-        let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
-        let _ = read(&self.event_fd, &mut buf);
+        self.notifier.clear();
         self.modify(
-            self.event_fd.as_fd(),
+            self.notifier.as_fd(),
             Event::readable(crate::NOTIFY_KEY),
             PollMode::Oneshot,
         )?;
@@ -216,12 +219,11 @@ impl Poller {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "notify",
             epoll_fd = ?self.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
-            event_fd = ?self.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+            notifier = ?self.notifier,
         );
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
-        let buf: [u8; 8] = 1u64.to_ne_bytes();
-        let _ = write(&self.event_fd, &buf);
+        self.notifier.notify();
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -243,7 +245,7 @@ impl Drop for Poller {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "drop",
             epoll_fd = ?self.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
-            event_fd = ?self.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+            notifier = ?self.notifier,
             timer_fd = ?self.timer_fd
         );
         let _enter = span.enter();
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ impl Drop for Poller {
         if let Some(timer_fd) = self.timer_fd.take() {
             let _ = self.delete(timer_fd.as_fd());
         }
-        let _ = self.delete(self.event_fd.as_fd());
+        let _ = self.delete(self.notifier.as_fd());
     }
 }
 
@@ -365,3 +367,97 @@ impl EventExtra {
         self.flags.contains(epoll::EventFlags::PRI)
     }
 }
+
+/// The notifier for Linux.
+///
+/// Certain container runtimes do not expose eventfd to the client, as it relies on the host and
+/// can be used to "escape" the container under certain conditions. Gramine is the prime example,
+/// see [here](gramine). In this case, fall back to using a pipe.
+///
+/// [gramine]: https://gramine.readthedocs.io/en/stable/manifest-syntax.html#allowing-eventfd
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Notifier {
+    /// The primary notifier, using eventfd.
+    EventFd(OwnedFd),
+
+    /// The fallback notifier, using a pipe.
+    Pipe {
+        /// The read end of the pipe.
+        read_pipe: OwnedFd,
+
+        /// The write end of the pipe.
+        write_pipe: OwnedFd,
+    },
+}
+
+impl Notifier {
+    /// Create a new notifier.
+    fn new() -> io::Result<Self> {
+        // Skip eventfd for testing if necessary.
+        if !cfg!(polling_test_epoll_pipe) {
+            // Try to create an eventfd.
+            match eventfd(0, EventfdFlags::CLOEXEC | EventfdFlags::NONBLOCK) {
+                Ok(fd) => {
+                    tracing::trace!("created eventfd for notifier");
+                    return Ok(Notifier::EventFd(fd));
+                }
+
+                Err(err) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        "eventfd() failed with error ({}), falling back to pipe",
+                        err
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let (read, write) = pipe_with(PipeFlags::CLOEXEC).or_else(|_| {
+            let (read, write) = pipe()?;
+            fcntl_setfd(&read, fcntl_getfd(&read)? | FdFlags::CLOEXEC)?;
+            fcntl_setfd(&write, fcntl_getfd(&write)? | FdFlags::CLOEXEC)?;
+            io::Result::Ok((read, write))
+        })?;
+
+        fcntl_setfl(&read, fcntl_getfl(&read)? | OFlags::NONBLOCK)?;
+        Ok(Notifier::Pipe {
+            read_pipe: read,
+            write_pipe: write,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// The file descriptor to register in the poller.
+    fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_> {
+        match self {
+            Notifier::EventFd(fd) => fd.as_fd(),
+            Notifier::Pipe {
+                read_pipe: read, ..
+            } => read.as_fd(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Notify the poller.
+    fn notify(&self) {
+        match self {
+            Self::EventFd(fd) => {
+                let buf: [u8; 8] = 1u64.to_ne_bytes();
+                let _ = write(fd, &buf);
+            }
+
+            Self::Pipe { write_pipe, .. } => {
+                write(write_pipe, &[0; 1]).ok();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Clear the notification.
+    fn clear(&self) {
+        match self {
+            Self::EventFd(fd) => {
+                let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+                let _ = read(fd, &mut buf);
+            }
+
+            Self::Pipe { read_pipe, .. } => while read(read_pipe, &mut [0u8; 1024]).is_ok() {},
+        }
+    }
+}